<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108</id><updated>2011-07-08T07:51:27.144-07:00</updated><title type='text'>ACADEMIA-VIRTUAL</title><subtitle type='html'>(Um Olhar Pelo Conhecimento...)</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>53</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-2895293627478765967</id><published>2009-06-29T02:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-29T02:03:19.007-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A coisa Berlusconi ou a sociopatia na política?</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;A coisa Berlusconi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;By José Saramago&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="snap_preview"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Este artigo, com este mesmo título, foi publicado ontem no jornal espanhol “El País”, que expressamente mo havia encomendado. Considerando que neste blogue fiz alguns comentários sobre as façanhas do primeiro-ministro italiano, estranho seria não recolher aqui este texto. Outros haverá no futuro, seguramente, uma vez que Berlusconi não renunciará ao que é e ao que faz. Eu também não.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Coisa Berlusconi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Não vejo que outro nome lhe poderia dar. Uma coisa perigosamente parecida a um ser humano, uma coisa que dá festas, organiza orgias e manda num país chamado Itália. Esta coisa, esta doença, este vírus ameaça ser a causa da morte moral do país de Verdi se um vómito profundo não conseguir arrancá-la da consciência dos italianos antes que o veneno acabe por corroer-lhes as veias e destroçar o coração de uma das mais ricas culturas europeias. Os valores básicos da convivência humana são espezinhados todos os dias pelas patas viscosas da coisa Berlusconi que, entre os seus múltiplos talentos, tem uma habilidade funambulesca para abusar das palavras, pervertendo-lhes a intenção e o sentido, como é o caso do Pólo da Liberdade, que assim se chama o partido com que assaltou o poder. Chamei delinquente a esta coisa e não me arrependo. Por razões de natureza semântica e social que outros poderão explicar melhor que eu, o termo delinquente tem em Itália uma carga negativa muito mais forte que em qualquer outro idioma falado na Europa. Foi para traduzir de forma clara e contundente o que penso da coisa Berlusconi que utilizei o termo na acepção que a língua de Dante lhe vem dando habitualmente, embora seja mais do que duvidoso que Dante o tenha utilizado alguma vez. Delinquência, no meu português, significa, de acordo com os dicionários e a prática corrente da comunicação, “acto de cometer delitos, desobedecer a leis ou a padrões morais”. A definição assenta na coisa Berlusconi sem uma prega, sem uma ruga, a ponto de se parecer mais a uma segunda pele que à roupa que se põe em cima. Desde há anos que a coisa Berlusconi tem vindo a cometer delitos de variável mas sempre demonstrada gravidade. Além disso, não só tem desobedecido a leis como, pior ainda, as tem mandado fabricar para salvaguarda dos seus interesses públicos e particulares, de político, empresário e acompanhante de menores, e quanto aos padrões morais, nem vale a pena falar, não há quem não saiba em Itália e no mundo que a coisa Berlusconi há muito tempo que caiu na mais completa abjecção. Este é o primeiro-ministro italiano, esta é a coisa que o povo italiano por duas vezes elegeu para que lhe servisse de modelo, este é o caminho da ruína para onde estão a ser levados por arrastamento os valores que liberdade e dignidade impregnaram a música de Verdi e a acção política de Garibaldi, esses que fizeram da Itália do século XIX, durante a luta pela unificação, um guia espiritual da Europa e dos europeus. É isso que a coisa Berlusconi quer lançar para o caixote do lixo da História. Vão os italianos permiti-lo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Original &lt;a href="http://caderno.josesaramago.org/2009/06/08/a-coisa-berlusconi/"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-2895293627478765967?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/2895293627478765967/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=2895293627478765967' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/2895293627478765967'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/2895293627478765967'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2009/06/coisa-berlusconi-ou-sociopatia-na.html' title='A coisa Berlusconi ou a sociopatia na política?'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5543771201998731803</id><published>2009-06-27T14:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T07:06:41.177-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A floresta em sua casa, exemplo de leitura psicanalítica da arte?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:hyphenationzone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal  {mso-style-parent:"";  margin:0cm;  margin-bottom:.0001pt;  mso-pagination:none;  mso-layout-grid-align:none;  text-autospace:none;  font-size:10.0pt;  font-family:Arial;  mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1  {size:612.0pt 792.0pt;  margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm;  mso-header-margin:36.0pt;  mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;  mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1  {page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-parent:"";  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:10.0pt;  font-family:"Times New Roman";} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;color:black;" &gt;Maria Judite de Carvalho, A Floresta em casa&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; in Idólatras&lt;/span&gt;, 1969 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(ler texto completo &lt;a href="http://www.box.net/shared/t96j4lps70"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; ou ler texto e comentário &lt;a href="https://www.box.net/shared/0925m3qjqv"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;"Muito tempo depois, já homem, já casado, voltou ali. Meteu a velha chave na fechadura, abriu a porta que o tempo emperrara. Um cheiro estranho a bafio. Seria mesmo a bafio? Entrou devagar, foi entrando, e a primeira porta que abriu foi a da sala e a primeira coisa que olhou foi a tela. Lá estava o leão com o seu ar caricatural e perigoso, e as corças e o macaco, e Gilles teve então de acreditar na tia que durante anos e anos lhe dissera que ele fora uma criança demasiado imaginativa. O pai tinha sim­plesmente enlouquecido e morto primeiro Alex, depois a mãe. Os corpos, assegurava ela, tinham sido encontrados mais tarde num barranco. Agora Gilles, ali em frente da tela, já não tinha razão para duvidar da tia nem dos médicos que haviam internado seu pai no manicómio. Mas sentia-se pro­fundamente decepcionado e arrependido de ter vindo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;color:black;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5543771201998731803?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5543771201998731803/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5543771201998731803' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5543771201998731803'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5543771201998731803'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2009/06/floresta-em-sua-casa-exemplo-de-leitura.html' title='A floresta em sua casa, exemplo de leitura psicanalítica da arte?'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7264925259015734567</id><published>2009-06-25T14:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-25T14:50:49.317-07:00</updated><title type='text'>As 20 experiências mais bizarras</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;(clicar &lt;a href="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/top/experiments"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler original)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#1: Elephants on Acid&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/tusko21.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="120" height="121" /&gt;What happens if you give an elephant LSD? On Friday August 3, 1962, a group of Oklahoma City researchers decided to find out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Warren Thomas, Director of the City Zoo, fired a cartridge-syringe containing 297 milligrams of LSD into Tusko the Elephant's rump. With Thomas were two scientific colleagues from the University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Louis Jolyon West and Chester M. Pierce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;297 milligrams is a lot of LSD — about 3000 times the level of a typical human dose. In fact, it remains the largest dose of LSD ever given to a living creature. The researchers figured that, if they were going to give an elephant LSD, they better not give him too little.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thomas, West, and Pierce later explained that the experiment was designed to find out if LSD would induce musth in an elephant — musth being a kind of temporary madness male elephants sometimes experience during which they become highly aggressive and secrete a sticky fluid from their temporal glands. But one suspects a small element of ghoulish curiosity might also have been involved.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whatever the reason for the experiment, it almost immediately went awry. Tusko reacted to the shot as if a bee had stung him. He trumpeted around his pen for a few minutes, and then keeled over on his side. Horrified, the researchers tried to revive him, but about an hour later he was dead. The three scientists sheepishly concluded that, "It appears that the elephant is highly sensitive to the effects of LSD."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the years that followed controversy lingered over whether it was the LSD that killed Tusko, or the drugs used to revive him. So twenty years later, Ronald Siegel of UCLA decided to settle the debate by giving two elephants a dose similar to what Tusko received. Reportedly he had to sign an agreement promising to replace the animals in the event of their deaths.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead of injecting the elephants with LSD, Siegel mixed the drug into their water, and when it was administered in this way, the elephants not only survived but didn't seem too upset at all. They acted sluggish, rocked back and forth, and made some strange vocalizations such as chirping and squeaking, but within a few hours they were back to normal. However, Siegel noted that the dosage Tusko received may have exceeded some threshold of toxicity, so he couldn't rule out that LSD was the cause of his death. The controversy continues.&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4732/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4732/" title="#1: Elephants on Acid" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4732/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-25 12:48:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#2: Obedience&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/milgram_web1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="150" height="113" /&gt;Imagine that you've volunteered for an experiment, but when you show up at the lab you discover the researcher wants you to murder an innocent person. You protest, but the researcher firmly states, "The experiment requires that you do it." Would you acquiesce and kill the person?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When asked what they would do in such a situation, almost everyone replies that of course they would refuse to commit murder. But Stanley Milgram's famous obedience experiment, conducted at Yale University in the early 1960s, revealed that this optimistic belief is wrong. If the request is presented in the right way, almost all of us quite obediently become killers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Milgram told subjects they were participating in an experiment to determine the effect of punishment on learning. One volunteer (who was, in reality, an actor in cahoots with Milgram) would attempt to memorize a series of word pairs. The other volunteer (the real subject) would read out the word pairs and give the learner an electric shock every time he got an answer wrong. The shocks would increase in intensity by fifteen volts with each wrong answer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The experiment began. The learner started getting some wrong answers, and pretty soon the shocks had reached 120 volts. At this point the learner started crying out, "Hey, this really hurts." At 150 volts the learner screamed in pain and demanded to be let out. Confused, the volunteers turned around and asked the researcher what they should do. He always calmly replied, "The experiment requires that you continue."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Milgram had no interest in the effect of punishment on learning. What he really wanted to see was how long people would keep pressing the shock button before they refused to participate any further. Would they remain obedient to the authority of the researcher up to the point of killing someone?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To Milgram's surprise, even though volunteers could plainly hear the agonized cries of the learner echoing through the walls of the lab from the neighboring room, two-thirds of them continued to press the shock button all the way up to the end of scale, 450 volts, by which time the learner had fallen into an eerie silence, apparently dead. Milgram's subjects sweated and shook, and some laughed hysterically, but they kept pressing the button. Even more disturbingly, when volunteers could neither see nor hear feedback from the learner, compliance with the order to give ever greater shocks was almost 100%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Milgram later commented, "I would say, on the basis of having observed a thousand people in the experiment and having my own intuition shaped and informed by these experiments, that if a system of death camps were set up in the United States of the sort we had seen in Nazi Germany, one would be able to find sufficient personnel for those camps in any medium-sized American town."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[On YouTube: See &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_e02xGc-K0c" title="scenes from Milgram's obedience experiment" target="_blank"&gt;scenes from Milgram's obedience experiment&lt;/a&gt;.]&lt;/span&gt;       &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4733/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4733/" title="#2: Obedience" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4733/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-24 12:52:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#3: Demikhov’s Two-Headed Dogs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/demikhov_web1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="117" height="175" /&gt;In 1954 Vladimir Demikhov shocked the world by unveiling a surgically created monstrosity: A two-headed dog. He created the creature in a lab on the outskirts of Moscow by grafting the head, shoulders, and front legs of a puppy onto the neck of a mature German shepherd.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikhov paraded the dog before reporters from around the world. Journalists gasped as both heads simultaneously lapped at bowls of milk, and then cringed as the milk from the puppy's head dribbled out the unconnected stump of its esophageal tube. The Soviet Union proudly boasted that the dog was proof of their nation's medical preeminence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the course of the next fifteen years, Demikhov created a total of twenty of his two-headed dogs. None of them lived very long, as they inevitably succumbed to problems of tissue rejection. The record was a month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikhov explained that the dogs were part of a continuing series of experiments in surgical techniques, with his ultimate goal being to learn how to perform a human heart and lung transplant. Another surgeon beat him to this goal — Dr. Christian Baarnard in 1967 — but Demikhov is widely credited with paving the way for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[On YouTube: See &lt;a href="http://youtube.com/watch?v=NJC5-G7KnKY" title="a Russian-language film about Demikhov" target="_blank"&gt;a Russian-language film about Demikhov&lt;/a&gt;.]&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4734/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4734/" title="#3: Demikhov&amp;#39;s Two&amp;#45;Headed Dogs" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4734/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-23 12:58:01 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#4: The Initiation of Heterosexual Behavior in a Homosexual Male&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/heath_web1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="150" height="166" /&gt; In 1954 James Olds and Peter Milner of McGill University discovered that the septal region is the feel-good center of the brain. Electrical stimulation of it produces sensations of intense pleasure and sexual arousal. They demonstrated their discovery by inserting wires into a rat's brain and then showing that when the rat figured out it could self-stimulate itself by pressing a lever, it would maniacally bang on that lever up to two-thousand times an hour. (The image at the very top of this page, third from the right, shows one of Olds and Milner's rats banging on its lever.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1970, Robert Heath of Tulane University dreamed up a far more novel application of Olds and Milner's discovery. Heath decided to test whether repeated stimulation of the septal region could transform a homosexual man into a heterosexual.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heath referred to his homosexual subject as patient B-19. He inserted Teflon-insulated electrodes into the septal region of B-19's brain and then gave B-19 carefully controlled amounts of stimulation in experimental sessions. Soon the young man was reporting increased stirrings of sexual motivation. Heath then rigged up a device to allow B-19 to self-stimulate himself. It was like letting a chocoholic loose in a candy shop. B-19 quickly became obsessed with the pleasure button. In one three-hour session he pressed it 1500 times until, as Heath noted, "he was experiencing an almost overwhelming euphoria and elation and had to be disconnected."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By this stage of the experiment B-19's libido was so jacked up that Heath decided to proceed with the final stage in which B-19 would be introduced to a sexually-willing female partner. With permission from the state attorney general, Heath arranged for a twenty-one-year-old female prostitute to visit the lab, and he placed her in a room with B-19. For an hour B-19 did nothing, but then the prostitute took the initiative and a successful sexual encounter between the two occurred. Heath considered this a positive result.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Little is known of B-19's later fate. Heath reported that the young man drifted back into a life of homosexual prostitution, but that he also had an affair with a married woman. Heath optimistically decided that this showed the treatment was at least partially successful. However, Heath never did try to convert any more homosexuals.&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4735/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4735/" title="#4: The Initiation of Heterosexual Behavior in a Homosexual Male" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4735/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-22 01:03:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#5: The Isolated Head of a Dog&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/doghead_web1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="150" height="112" /&gt;What could be more horrific than creating a two-headed dog? What about keeping the severed head of a dog alive apart from its body!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ever since the carnage of the French Revolution, when the guillotine sent thousands of severed heads tumbling into baskets, scientists had wondered whether it would be possible to keep a head alive apart from its body, but it wasn't until the late 1920s that someone managed to pull off this feat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soviet physician Sergei Brukhonenko developed a primitive heart-lung machine he called an "autojector," and with this device he succeeded in keeping the severed head of a dog alive. He displayed one of his living dog heads in 1928 before an international audience of scientists at the Third Congress of Physiologists of the USSR. To prove that the head lying on the table really was alive, he showed that it reacted to stimuli. Brukhonenko banged a hammer on the table, and the head flinched. He shone light in its eyes, and the eyes blinked. He even fed the head a piece of cheese, which promptly popped out the esophageal tube on the other end.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brukhonenko's severed dog head became the talk of Europe and inspired the playwright George Bernard Shaw to muse, "I am even tempted to have my own head cut off so that I can continue to dictate plays and books without being bothered by illness, without having to dress and undress, without having to eat, without having anything else to do other than to produce masterpieces of dramatic art and literature."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[On YouTube: See &lt;a href="http://youtube.com/watch?v=ap1co5ZZHYE" title="Experiments in the revival of organisms" target="_blank"&gt;Experiments in the revival of organisms&lt;/a&gt;.]&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4736/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4736/" title="#5: The Isolated Head of a Dog" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4736/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-21 01:10:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#6: Human-Ape Hybrid&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;For decades dark rumors circulated alleging that the Soviets had conducted experiments to try to create a human-ape hybrid by breeding chimpanzees and humans, but it wasn't until the collapse of the Soviet Union and the opening of Russian archives that the rumors were confirmed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Il'ya Ivanov was a world-renowned expert on veterinary reproductive biology, but he wanted to do more in life than breed fatter cows. So in 1927 he traveled to Africa to pursue his vision of interbreeding man and ape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thankfully his efforts weren't successful. To a great degree this was due to the native staff of the West Guinea research facility where he worked, from whom he constantly had to conceal the true purpose of his experiments. If they had found out what he was really doing, he wrote in his diary, "this could have led to very unpleasant consequences." The necessity of carrying out his work in secrecy made it almost impossible to do anything, although he did record two unsuccessful attempts to artificially inseminate female chimpanzees with human sperm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frustrated, Ivanov eventually returned to the Soviet Union. He brought an orangutan named Tarzan back with him, hoping to continue his research in a more accepting environment. Back home he advertised for female volunteers willing to carry Tarzan's child, and remarkably he got a few takers. But then Tarzan died and Ivanov himself was sent off to a prison camp for a couple of years. This ended his research. There are vague rumors suggesting that other Soviet scientists continued Ivanov's work, but nothing definite has been proven.&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4741/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4741/" title="#6: Human&amp;#45;Ape Hybrid" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4741/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-19 11:58:00 PM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#7: The Stanford Prison Experiment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/prisonexperiment1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="130" height="127" /&gt;Philip Zimbardo was curious about why prisons are such violent places. Is it because of the character of their inhabitants, or is it due to the corrosive effect of the power structure of the prisons themselves?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To find out, Zimbardo created a mock prison in the basement of the Stanford psychology department. He recruited clean-cut young men as volunteers — none had criminal records and all rated "normal" on psychological tests — and he randomly assigned half of them to play the role of prisoners and the other half to play guards. His plan was that he would step back for two weeks and observe how these model citizens interacted with each other in their new roles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What happened next has become the stuff of legend.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Social conditions in the mock prison deteriorated with stunning rapidity. On the first night the prisoners staged a revolt, and the guards, feeling threatened by the insubordination of the prisoners, cracked down hard. They began devising creative ways to discipline the prisoners, using methods such as random strip-searches, curtailed bathroom privileges, verbal abuse, sleep deprivation, and the withholding of food.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under this pressure, prisoners began to crack. The first one left after only thirty-six hours, screaming that he felt like he was "burning up inside." Within six days, four more prisoners had followed his lead, one of whom had broken out in a full-body stress-related rash. It was clear that for everyone involved the new roles had quickly become more than just a game.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even Zimbardo himself felt seduced by the corrosive psychology of the situation. He began entertaining paranoid fears that his prisoners were planning a break-out, and he tried to contact the real police for help. Luckily, at this point Zimbardo realized things had gone too far. Only six days had passed, but already the happy college kids who had begun the experiment had transformed into sullen prisoners and sadistic guards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zimbardo called a meeting the next morning and told everyone they could go home. The remaining prisoners were relieved, but tellingly, the guards were upset. They had been quite enjoying their new-found power and had no desire to give it up.&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4742/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4742/" title="#7: The Stanford Prison Experiment" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4742/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-19 12:02:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#8: Facial expressions while decapitating a rat&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/landis1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="130" height="130" /&gt;In 1924 Carney Landis, a graduate student in psychology at the University of Minnesota, designed an experiment to study whether emotions evoke characteristic facial expressions. For instance, is there one expression everyone uses to convey shock, and another commonly used to display disgust?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of Landis's subjects were fellow graduate students. He brought them into his lab and painted lines on their faces so that he could more easily see the movement of their muscles. He then exposed them to a variety of stimuli designed to provoke a strong psychological reaction. As they reacted, he snapped pictures of their faces. He made them smell ammonia, look at pornographic pictures, and reach their hand into a bucket containing slimy frogs. But the climax of the experiment arrived when he carried out a live white rat on a tray and asked them to decapitate it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most people initially resisted his request, but eventually two-thirds did as he ordered. Landis noted that most of them performed the task quite clumsily: "The effort and attempt to hurry usually resulted in a rather awkward and prolonged job of decapitation." For the one-third that refused, Landis eventually picked up the knife and decapitated the rat for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Landis's experiment presented a stunning display of the willingness of people to obey the demands of experimenters, no matter how bizarre those demands might be. It anticipated the results of Milgram's obedience experiment by almost forty years. However, Landis never realized that the compliance of his subjects was far more interesting than their facial expressions. Landis remained single-mindedly focused on his initial research topic, even though he never was able to match up emotions and expressions. It turns out that people use a wide variety of expressions to convey the same emotion — even an emotion such as disgust at having to decapitate a rat.&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4744/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4744/" title="#8: Facial expressions while decapitating a rat" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4744/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-18 12:09:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#9: The Vomit-Drinking Doctor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;How far would you go to prove a theory? Stubbins Ffirth, a doctor-in-training living in Philadelphia during the early nineteenth century, went further than most. Way further.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having observed that yellow fever ran riot during the summer, but disappeared during the winter, Ffirth concluded that it was not a contagious disease. Instead, he theorized it was caused by an excess of stimulants such as heat, food, and noise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To prove his theory, Ffirth set out to demonstrate that no matter how much he exposed himself to yellow fever, he wouldn't catch it. He started by making small incisions on his arms and pouring "fresh black vomit" obtained from a yellow-fever patient into the cuts. He didn't get sick.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next he dribbled some vomit in his eyes. He fried some up on a skillet and inhaled the fumes. He fashioned some into a pill and swallowed it. Finally he took to drinking entire glasses of pure, undiluted black vomit. And still he didn't get sick.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ffirth rounded out his experiment by liberally smearing himself with other yellow-fever tainted fluids: blood, saliva, perspiration, and urine. Healthy as ever, he declared his theory proven. Unfortunately, he was wrong. Yellow fever is very contagious, but it requires direct transmission into the blood stream, usually by a mosquito, to cause infection. But considering all Ffirth did to infect himself, it is a bit of a miracle he remained alive.&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4745/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4745/" title="#9: The Vomit&amp;#45;Drinking Doctor" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4745/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-17 12:13:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#10: Beneficial Brainwashing&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/psychicdriving1.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="130" height="130" /&gt;Dr. Ewen Cameron believed he had come up with a cure for schizophrenia. His theory was that the brain could be reprogrammed to think in healthy ways by forcibly imposing new thought patterns on it. His method was to make patients wear headphones and listen to audio messages looped over and over, sometimes for days or even weeks at a time. He called this method "psychic driving," because the messages were being driven into the psyche. The press hailed it as "beneficial brainwashing."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the 1950s and early 1960s, hundreds of Cameron's patients at Montreal's Allan Memorial Clinic became his unwitting test subjects — whether or not they actually had schizophrenia. Some patients checked in complaining of problems as minor as menopause-related anxiety, only to find themselves sedated with barbiturates, strapped into a bed, and forced to listen for days on end to messages such as "People like you and need you. You have confidence in yourself."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One time, to test the technique, Cameron placed patients into a drugged sleep and made them listen to the message, "When you see a piece of paper, you want to pick it up." Later he drove them to a local gymnasium. There, lying in the middle of the gym floor, was a single piece of paper. He happily reported that many of them spontaneously walked over to pick it up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the CIA learned of what Cameron was doing, it became interested and started surreptitiously channeling him money. But eventually the agency concluded that Cameron's technique was a failure and cut his funding, prompting Cameron himself to admit that his experiments had been "a ten year trip down the wrong road." In the late 1970s a group of Cameron's former patients filed suit against the CIA for its support of his work and reached an out-of-court settlement for an undisclosed amount of money.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#11: Monkey-Head Transplant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/monkeyhead.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="130" height="166" /&gt;When Vladimir Demikhov unveiled his two-headed dogs in 1954, it inspired a strange kind of surgical arms race (or rather, head race) between the two superpowers. Eager to prove that its surgeons were actually the best in the world, the American government began funding the work of Robert White, who then embarked on a series of experimental surgeries, performed at his brain research center in Cleveland, Ohio, resulting in the world's first successful monkey-head transplant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The head transplant occurred on March 14, 1970. It took White and his assistants hours to perform the carefully choreographed operation, separating a monkey's head from its body and reattaching it to a new body. When the monkey woke and found that its body had been switched for a new one, it angrily tracked White with its eyes and snapped at him with its teeth. The monkey survived a day and a half before succumbing to complications from the surgery. As bad as it was for the monkey, it could have been worse. White noted that, from a surgical point of view, it would have been easier to put the monkey's head on backwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;White thought he should have been treated like a hero, but instead the public was appalled by what he had done. Nevertheless, White soldiered on, campaigning to raise support for a human head transplant. He toured with Craig Vetovitz, a near-quadriplegic, who volunteered to be the first to undergo the procedure. The public is still a long way from accepting the idea of human head transplants, but if White has his way, one day it will happen.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4747/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4747/" title="#11: Monkey&amp;#45;Head Transplant" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4747/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-15 12:24:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#12: The Remote-Controlled Bull&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/delgado.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="140" height="127" /&gt;Yale researcher Jose Delgado stood in the hot sun of a bullring in Cordova, Spain. With him in the ring was a large, angry bull. The animal noticed him and began to charge. It gathered speed. Delgado appeared defenseless, but when the bull was mere feet away, Delgado pressed a button on a remote control unit in his hand, sending a signal to a chip implanted in the bull's brain. Abruptly, the animal stopped in its tracks. It huffed and puffed a few times, and then walked docilely away.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Delgado's experience in the ring was an experimental demonstration of the ability of his "stimoceiver" to manipulate behavior. The stimoceiver was a computer chip, operated by a remote-control unit, that could be used to electrically stimulate different regions of an animal's brain. Such stimulation could produce a wide variety of effects, including the involuntary movement of limbs, the eliciting of emotions such as love or rage, or the inhibition of appetite. It could also be used, as Delgado showed, to stop a charging bull.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Delgado's experiment sounds so much like science fiction, that many people are surprised to learn it occurred back in 1963. During the 1970s and 80s, research into electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) languished, stigmatized by the perception that it represented an effort to control people's minds and thoughts. But more recently, ESB research has once again been flourishing, with reports of researchers creating remote-controlled rats, pigeons, and even sharks.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4748/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4748/" title="#12: The Remote&amp;#45;Controlled Bull" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4748/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-14 12:26:01 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#13: The Ape and the Child&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/guadonald.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="140" height="185" /&gt;History contains numerous accounts of children raised by animals. The children in such cases often continue to act more animal than human, even when returned to human society. The psychologist Winthrop Kellogg wondered what would happen if the situation were reversed. What if an animal were raised by humans — as a human. Would it eventually act like a human?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To answer this question, in 1931 Kellogg brought a seven-month-old female chimpanzee named Gua into his home. He and his wife then proceeded to raise her as if she were human, treating her exactly the same as they treated their ten-month-old son Donald.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Donald and Gua played together. They were fed together. And the Kelloggs subjected them both to regular tests to track their development. One such test was the suspended cookie test, in which the Kelloggs timed how long it took their children to reach a cookie suspended by a string in the middle of the room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gua regularly performed better on such tests than Donald, but in terms of language acquisition she was a disappointment. Despite the Kelloggs's repeated efforts, the ability to speak eluded her. Disturbingly, it also seemed to be eluding Donald. Nine months into the experiment, his language skills weren't much better than Gua's. When he one day indicated he was hungry by imitating Gua's "food bark," the Kelloggs decided the experiment had gone far enough. Donald evidently needed some playmates of his own species. So on March 28, 1932 they shipped Gua back to the primate center. She was never heard from again.&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4749/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4749/" title="#13: The Ape and the Child" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4749/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-13 12:31:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#14: “My Fingernails Taste Terribly Bitter”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;In the summer of 1942 Professor Lawrence Leshan stood in the darkness of a cabin in an upstate New York camp where a row of young boys lay sleeping. He spoke aloud, repeating a single phrase over and over, "My fingernails taste terribly bitter. My fingernails taste terribly bitter."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nowadays that kind of behavior could get one locked away, but Leshan wasn't mad. He was conducting a sleep-learning experiment. All the boys had been diagnosed as chronic nail-biters, and Leshan wanted to find out if nocturnal exposure to a negative suggestion about nail biting would cure them of their bad habit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leshan initially used a phonograph to play the message. It faithfully repeated the phrase 300 times a night as the boys lay sleeping. But five weeks into the experiment, the phonograph broke. Leshan improvised by standing in the darkness and speaking the message himself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the end of the summer, Leshan examined the boys' nails and concluded that 40% of them had kicked the habit. The sleep-learning effect seemed to be real. However, other researchers later disputed this conclusion. In a 1956 experiment at Santa Monica College, William Emmons and Charles Simon used an electroencephalograph to make sure subjects were fully asleep before playing a message. Under these conditions, the sleep-learning effect disappeared.&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4750/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4750/" title="#14: &amp;quot;My Fingernails Taste Terribly Bitter&amp;quot;" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4750/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-12 12:35:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#15: The Electrification of Human Corpses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/ure.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="150" height="112" /&gt;In 1780 the Italian anatomy professor Luigi Galvani discovered that a spark of electricity could cause the limbs of a dead frog to twitch. Soon men of science throughout Europe were repeating his experiment, but it didn't take them long to bore of frogs and turn their attention to more interesting animals. What would happen, they wondered, if you electrified a human corpse?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Galvani's nephew, Giovanni Aldini, embarked on a tour of Europe in which he offered audiences the chance to see this stomach-turning spectacle. His most celebrated demonstration occurred on January 17, 1803 when he applied the poles of a 120-volt battery to the body of the executed murderer George Forster.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When Aldini placed wires on the mouth and ear, the jaw muscles quivered and the murderer's features twisted in a rictus of pain. The left eye opened as if to gaze upon his torturer. For the grand finale Aldini hooked one wire to the ear and plunged the other up the rectum. Forster's corpse broke into a hideous dance. The London Times wrote, "It appeared to the uninformed part of the bystanders as if the wretched man was on the eve of being restored to life."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other researchers tried electrifying bodies, with the specific hope of restoring them to life, but with no success. Early nineteenth-century experiments of this kind are considered to have been one of Mary Shelley's main sources of inspiration when she wrote her novel &lt;i&gt;Frankenstein&lt;/i&gt; in 1816.&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4751/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4751/" title="#15: The Electrification of Human Corpses" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4751/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-11 12:37:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#16: Seeing Through Cat’s Eyes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/cateyes.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="150" height="75" /&gt;In 1999 researchers led by Dr. Yang Dan, an assistant professor of neurobiology at the University of California, Berkeley, anesthetized a cat with sodium pentothal, chemically paralyzed it with Norcuron, and secured it tightly in a surgical frame. They then glued metal posts to the whites of its eyes, and forced it to look a screen that showed scene after scene of swaying trees and turtleneck-wearing men.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was not a form of Clockword-Orange-style aversion therapy for cats. Instead, it was a remarkable attempt to tap into another creature's brain and see directly through its eyes. The researchers had inserted fiber electrodes into the vision-processing center of the cat's brain. The electrodes measured the electrical activity of the brain cells and transmitted this information to a nearby computer which decoded the information and transformed it into a visual image. As the cat watched the images of the trees and the turtleneck-wearing guy, the same images emerged (slightly blurrier) on the computer screen across the room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The commercial potential of the technology is mind-boggling. Forget helmet-cam at the superbowl; get ready for eye-cam. Or how about this — never carry a camera again. Take pictures by blinking your eyes. It would work great unless you had a few too many drinks on vacation.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4752/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4752/" title="#16: Seeing Through Cat&amp;#39;s Eyes" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4752/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-10 12:40:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#17: Stimuli Eliciting Sexual Behavior in Turkeys&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/turkeyhead.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="140" height="111" /&gt;Male turkeys aren't fussy. Give them a lifelike model of a female turkey and they'll happily try to mate with it as eagerly as they would with the real thing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This observation intrigued Martin Schein and Edgar Hale of the University of Pennsylvania, and made them curious about what might be the minimal stimulus required to excite a turkey. They embarked on a series of experiments to find out. This involved removing parts from the turkey model one by one, until the male turkey eventually lost interest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tail, feet, and wings were all removed, but still the clueless bird waddled up to the model, let out an amorous gobble, and tried to do his thing. Finally, the researchers were left with a head on a stick. And surprisingly, the male turkey still showed great interest. In fact, it preferred a head on a stick over a headless body.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Schein and Hale subsequently investigated how minimal they could make the head itself before it failed to elicit a response. They discovered that freshly severed female heads impaled on sticks worked best, but if the male turkey had nothing else it would settle for a plain balsa wood head. Turkeys evidently adhere to the philosophy that if you can't be with the one you love, then love the one you're with.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Curious about the mating habits of other poultry, Schein and Hale performed similar tests on White Leghorn Cocks. For those curious, they published their results in an article that boasts one of the most evocative titles in all of science: "Effects of morphological variations of chicken models on sexual responses of cocks."&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4753/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4753/" title="#17: Stimuli Eliciting Sexual Behavior in Turkeys" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4753/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-09 12:43:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#18: “Would You Go To Bed With Me Tonight?”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;If you were a man walking across the campus of Florida State University in 1978, an attractive young woman might have approached you and said these exact words: "I have been noticing you around campus. I find you to be attractive. Would you go to bed with me tonight?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you were that man, you probably would have thought that you had just gotten incredibly lucky. But not really. You were actually an unwitting subject in an experiment designed by the psychologist Russell Clark.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clark had persuaded the students of his social psychology class to help him find out which gender, in a real-life situation, would be more receptive to a sexual offer from a stranger. The only way to find out, he figured, was to actually get out there and see what would happen. So young men and women from his class fanned out across campus and began propositioning strangers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The results weren't very surprising. Seventy-five percent of guys were happy to oblige an attractive female stranger (and those who said no typically offered an excuse such as, "I'm married"). But not a single woman accepted the identical offer of an attractive male. In fact, most of them demanded the guy leave her alone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At first the psychological community dismissed Clark's experiment as a trivial stunt, but gradually his experiment gained first acceptance, and then praise for how dramatically it revealed the differing sexual attitudes of men and women. Today it's considered a classic. But why men and women display such different attitudes remains as hotly debated as ever.&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4754/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4754/" title="#18: &amp;quot;Would You Go To Bed With Me Tonight?&amp;quot;" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4754/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-08 12:46:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#19: Shock the Puppy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;When Stanley Milgram published the results of his obedience experiment in 1963, it sent shockwaves through the scientific community. Other researchers found it hard to believe that people could be so easily manipulated, and they searched for any mistakes Milgram might have made. Charles Sheridan and Richard King theorized that perhaps Milgram's subjects had merely played along with the experiment because they realized the victim was faking his cries of pain. To test this possibility, Sheridan and King decided to repeat Milgram's experiment, introducing one significant difference. Instead of using an actor, they would use &lt;i&gt;an actual victim who would really get shocked&lt;/i&gt;. Obviously they couldn't use a human for this purpose, so they used the next best thing — a cute, fluffy puppy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sheridan and King told their subjects — volunteers from an undergraduate psychology course — that the puppy was being trained to distinguish between a flickering and a steady light. It had to stand either to the right or the left depending on the cue from the light. If the animal failed to stand in the correct place, the subjects had to press a switch to shock it. As in the Milgram experiment, the shock level increased 15 volts for every wrong answer. But unlike the Milgram experiment, the puppy really was getting zapped.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As the voltage increased, the puppy first barked, then jumped up and down, and finally started howling with pain. The volunteers were horrified. They paced back and forth, hyperventilated, and gestured with their hands to show the puppy where to stand. Many openly wept. Yet the majority of them, twenty out of twenty-six, kept pushing the shock button right up to the maximum voltage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Intriguingly, the six students who refused to go on were all men. All thirteen women who participated in the experiment obeyed right up until the end.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;!-- &lt;rdf:rdf rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"&gt; &lt;rdf:description about="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4755/" ping="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/trackback/4755/" title="#19: Shock the Puppy" identifier="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/4755/" subject="" description="" creator="Alex" date="2007-08-07 12:47:00 AM GMT"&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="title"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#20: Heartbeat At Death&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/hoaxmuseumimages/heartatdeath.jpg" alt="image" name="image" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" align="right" border="0" width="140" height="151" /&gt;On October 31, 1938, John Deering took a last drag on his cigarette, sat down in a chair, and allowed a prison guard to place a black hood over his head and pin a target to his chest. Next the guard attached electronic sensors to Deering's wrists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deering had volunteered to participate in an experiment, the first of its kind, to have his heartbeat recorded as he was shot through the chest by a firing squad. The prison physician, Dr. Stephen Besley, figured that since Deering was being executed anyway, science might as well benefit from the event. Perhaps some valuable information about the effect of fear on the heart could be learned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The electrocardiogram immediately disclosed that, despite Deering's calm exterior, his heart was beating like a jackhammer at 120 beats per minute. The sheriff gave the order to fire, and Deering's heartbeat raced up to 180 beats per minute. Then four bullets ripped into his chest, knocking him back in his chair. One bullet bore directly into the right side of his heart. For four seconds his heart spasmed. A moment later it spasmed again. Then the rhythm gradually declined until, 15.4 seconds after the first shot, Deering's heart stopped.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next day Dr. Besley offered the press a eulogy of sorts for Deering: "He put on a good front. The electrocardiograph film shows his bold demeanor hid the actual emotions pounding within him. He was scared to death."&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7264925259015734567?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7264925259015734567/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7264925259015734567' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7264925259015734567'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7264925259015734567'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2009/06/as-20-experiencias-mais-bizarras.html' title='As 20 experiências mais bizarras'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-6984494822154731531</id><published>2009-02-19T00:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-19T00:15:29.937-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Saber Pensar...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img alt="http://www.astormentas.com/media/Bertold%20Brecht.jpg" src="http://www.astormentas.com/media/Bertold%20Brecht.jpg" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Lucida Calligraphy;"&gt;Bertold Brecht&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;O Vosso tanque General, é um carro forte&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Derruba uma floresta esmaga cem&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Homens,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Mas tem um defeito&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;- Precisa de um motorista&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O vosso bombardeiro, general&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;É poderoso:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Voa mais depressa que a tempestade&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;E transporta mais carga que um elefante&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Mas tem um defeito&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;- Precisa de um piloto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O homem, meu general, é muito útil:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Sabe voar, e sabe matar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Mas tem um defeito&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;- Sabe pensar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-6984494822154731531?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/6984494822154731531/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=6984494822154731531' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6984494822154731531'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6984494822154731531'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2009/02/saber-pensar.html' title='Saber Pensar...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1062142788244234436</id><published>2009-02-07T01:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-07T02:01:16.751-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pais querem escolas do 1.º ciclo abertas doze horas por dia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="manchete_24"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;... e dizem que ME já deu luz verde &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTitulo" style="font-size: 24px;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="verdana_10" style="margin-top: 4px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1358774&amp;amp;idCanal=58"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtData" style="font-size: 10px;"&gt;04.02.2009 - 09h24&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtAutor" style="font-size: 10px;"&gt;Natália Faria "Público"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1358774&amp;amp;idCanal=58"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtAutor" style="font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                                       &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Algumas escolas do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico vão estar de portas abertas entre as 7h30 e as 19h, ainda este ano lectivo. A informação foi avançada por Albino Almeida, da Confederação Nacional das Associações de Pais (Confap), segundo o qual o Ministério da Educação (ME) já deu luz verde para avançar com este alargamento de horário.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Ao PÚBLICO, o secretário de Estado da Educação, Valter Lemos, disse apenas que o ME está "disponível para estudar a questão", mas Albino Almeida garante que a proposta anda há um ano a ser negociada e que o ministério "sinalizou a sua disponibilidade para avançar com o modelo". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;O objectivo, segundo o responsável da Confap, "não é transformar as escolas em armazéns de crianças". Nem sequer reforçar a carga lectiva, roubando tempo para a brincadeira. "O que queremos é que as escolas funcionem numa lógica de centro educativo, deixando de estar exclusivamente centradas na instrução e com uma componente de apoio às famílias." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Na prática, o que a Confap propõe é que, entre as 7h30 e as 9h da manhã, as escolas ocupem as crianças com actividades lúdicas. As aulas deverão decorrer entre as 9h e as 15h30, com intervalo para almoço. A partir daquela hora e até às 17h30, decorrem as actividades de enriquecimento curricular, seguindo-se novo período de apoio à família "até às 19h ou 19h30". No período de férias lectivas, as escolas deverão igualmente assegurar actividades para as crianças. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Competirá às escolas definir as actividades a desenvolver, sendo que a proposta terá sempre que ser escrutinada. "Não aceitaremos propostas de mais Inglês ou mais Educação Física. Haverá um júri responsável e as propostas podem incluir canto coral ou folclore, visitas a museus, visionamento de filmes...", especificou o presidente da Confap, para quem se trata, aliás, de assegurar a sobrevivência da escola pública: "Esta coisa de despejar a matéria e depois esperar que, em casa, os pais tenham literacia suficiente e computadores para ajudar os filhos a perceber as matérias tem que acabar, porque o mundo mudou e as escolas têm que se adaptar." Claro que nenhum pai será obrigado a deixar o seu filho tanto tempo na escola. Aqueles a quem este prolongamento de horário e de oferta educativa convier terão de pagar uma quantia a definir consoante os rendimentos da família. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos" style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;O investigador Manuel Sarmento, do Instituto de Estudos da Criança, não vê inconvenientes neste alargamento de horários. &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Desde que "o acompanhamento das crianças para lá do tempo lectivo seja fruto de um trabalho de articulação com a comunidade e não se centre demasiado nos interesses dos pais". E "porque é importante respeitar a autonomia das crianças", estas terão que "ter espaço dentro da escola para exercer as suas decisões".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1062142788244234436?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1062142788244234436/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1062142788244234436' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1062142788244234436'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1062142788244234436'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2009/02/pais-querem-escolas-do-1-ciclo-abertas.html' title='Pais querem escolas do 1.º ciclo abertas doze horas por dia'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-2371312666432787557</id><published>2009-01-01T13:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T13:36:58.540-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Gospel of Judas Pages Endured Long, Strange Journey</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Brian Handwerk&lt;br /&gt;for &lt;a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/"&gt;National Geographic News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;April 6, 2006&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;              &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/2072713.html"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/2072713.html"&gt;   &lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/2072713.html"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 90px; height: 112px;" class="photo" src="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/images/thumbs/060406_gospel_170.jpg" alt="Photo: A page from the Gospel of Judas manuscript" border="0" /&gt;  &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;After 1,700 years, the Gospel of Judas is lost no more. And the twisting tale of the document itself is nearly as surprising as the story it tells.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;"We can consider it a real miracle that [such an ancient literary work]—especially one threatened by the hatred of the great majority of its contemporary readers, who saw it as a shame and a scandal, destined to be lost … would suddenly appear and be brought to light," said scholar Rodolphe Kasser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kasser is an expert in Coptic, or Egyptian Christian, history and literature. He led the effort to piece together and translate the Gospel of Judas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The surviving copy of the gospel was written in the third or fourth century A.D., but the text was known prior to A.D. 180.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that year St. Irenaeus—then the bishop of what is now Lyon, France—published Against Heresies, a volume intended to help unify the Christian church.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;St. Irenaeus's method was to savage alternative theological views and interpretations—including the Gospel of Judas—which he referred to as "fictitious histories."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this gospel, the Apostle Judas Iscariot is not a traitor but a hero, the chosen disciple. Jesus Christ &lt;i&gt;asks&lt;/i&gt; Judas to betray him to the authorities. (&lt;a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/04/0406_060406_judas.html"&gt;For more on the meaning of the gospel, see "Lost Gospel Revealed; Says Jesus Asked Judas to Betray Him."&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diverse beliefs circulated during Christianity's early years. Many were suppressed in the early centuries A.D. as the religion coalesced into a more structured faith based on the New Testament Gospels—Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nonsanctioned texts, such as the Gospel of Judas, fell from favor. Scribes no longer copied them, and existing manuscripts were often destroyed. Those that survived were hidden for safekeeping.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The protectors of the newly revealed documents did their job well, stashing the ancient handwritten Coptic manuscripts so that it remained hidden for nearly 1,700 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Modern Journeys of an Ancient Book&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Exactly how the manuscripts were found in the late 1970s remains somewhat unclear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is believed that a now dead Egyptian antiquities prospector discovered the codex, or ancient book, containing the Gospel of Judas near El Minya, Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1978 he sold his find to a Cairo antiquities dealer named Hanna.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Around 1980 the manuscripts and most of Hanna's other artifacts were stolen in a robbery and taken out of Egypt. Hanna later recovered the codex by coordinating with an antiquities trader in Geneva, Switzerland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hanna was the first to show the codex to experts who recognized its possible significance. Yet he would search for over two decades for a buyer willing to meet his steep price.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1983 Stephen Emmel, then a graduate student living in Rome, Italy, received a phone call.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unknown antiquities dealers selling ancient manuscripts had approached one of Emmel's colleagues. Emmel and two other scholars agreed to meet the sellers in a Geneva hotel room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For half an hour the trio examined a collection of papyruses that were wrapped in newspaper and stored in shoe boxes. The scholars were forbidden to take photos or notes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though Emmel and his colleagues quickly realized that the documents were both ancient and important, they did not know at that time that the codex contained the Gospel of Judas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Emmel immediately noticed the damage that the fragile papyruses and leather binding had sustained—likely during the few years since their discovery. (&lt;a href="http://www9.nationalgeographic.com/lostgospel/document.html"&gt;Examine the pages for yourself online.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"When I saw the codex in 1983 it was fragile, but the 30 or so surviving leaves were still in pretty good condition," said Emmel, now a professor of Coptic studies at the University of Münster in Germany.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If a papyrus conservator could have gone to work on it immediately, we would have had about 30 complete, or nearly complete, leaves, which would make some 60 pages of text," he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"As it is, every one of those leaves broke into pieces, and many fragments are now missing—most probably lost forever."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hanna demanded three million U.S. dollars—far more than what Emmel and the other scholars could pay—and the meeting ended. The manuscripts once again vanished from scholarly view.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1984 the manuscripts' Egyptian owner again offered them for sale, this time in New York City. Finding no takers, Hanna deposited them in a bank safe-deposit box in Hicksville, New York.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The codex languished there for some 16 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gospel Emerges From Modern Seclusion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, Zürich, Switzerland-based antiquities dealer Frieda Nussberger-Tchacos bought the codex in April 2000—though its full contents remained a mystery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tchacos turned the documents over to experts at Yale University's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library for examination and possible sale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yale papyrus expert Robert Babcock discovered the startling truth—Tchacos held the Gospel of Judas, previously known only from mentions in texts like those by St. Irenaeus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But Yale passed on purchasing the gospel because of concerns about its provenance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tchacos endured another failed sale attempt later that year, this time to U.S. dealer Bruce Ferrini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ferrini took possession of the gospel in return for two postdated checks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the following months Tchacos became increasingly convinced that Ferrini did not have sufficient funds and engaged several prominent antiquities dealers to pressure Ferrini to return the codex to her.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, Tchacos transferred the codex to the Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art, based in Basel, Switzerland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The foundation later teamed with the Washington, D.C.-based National Geographic Society and the La Jolla, California-based Waitt Institute for Historical Discovery to restore, translate and publish the gospel. (National Geographic News is part of the National Geographic Society.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pages of the gospel were unveiled at National Geographic headquarters today and will go on public view tomorrow at the &lt;a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/museum/exhibitions/gospel.html"&gt;National Geographic Museum.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All pages will eventually be returned to Egypt and housed permanently in Cairo's Coptic Museum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Real Deal?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Gospel of Judas represents one of the great textual finds of the modern age—so it was crucial for all concerned to ensure that it was authentic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www9.nationalgeographic.com/lostgospel/authentication.html"&gt;See how the gospel was authenticated.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The University of Arizona's radiocarbon dating lab in Tucson—the same lab that tested the Dead Sea Scrolls—dated five tiny samples of papyrus and leather binding from the codex to between A.D. 220 and 340.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Extensive forensic ink analysis and multispectral imaging tests provided further physical evidence that placed the documents in the same time period.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meanwhile, scholars examined contextual evidence such as content, linguistic style, and the distinctive handwriting used by ancient scribes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Experts who have examined these aspects of the Gospel of Judas agree that the codex's theological concepts and linguistic structure are similar to manuscripts found in Nag ‘Hammâdi, Egypt, which contain Gnostic writings of a similar time period.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Gnosticism" refers to several pre-Christian and early-Christian belief systems that hold that the physical world is corrupt and that humans can transcend it through the acquisition of esoteric spiritual knowledge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The University of Münster's Emmel stressed that the Judas manuscript, like the Nag ‘Hammâdi texts, contains a second-century Gnostic thought process that would present a terrible challenge for forgers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Would-be fakers would have also needed to acquire ancient papyrus and ink to duplicate period Coptic handwriting, and to master an ancient grammar known to only a small group of scholars.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Leap of Faith&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though authentic, the codex's condition is alarmingly poor, having deteriorated badly since Emmel's 1983 inspection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By the time the Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art called in Kasser and other experts to examine the codex, its leather binding had come undone. The ancient papyrus pages had been scattered into nearly a thousand fragments that crumbled at even the slightest touch. In places the pages were so blackened that the handwritten Coptic script was illegible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sheets had also been reorganized in a random pattern—possibly to boost buyer appeal by putting better pages on top. The original page order was lost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Our codex—clearly in such a fragile state that no researcher in his right mind would dare touch it in order to consult it—looked as if it were to ready to crumble, squeezed at the bottom of a box whose dimensions were barely larger that those of the manuscript itself," Kasser recalled.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet a team of expert preservationists became detectives to reconstruct the Gospel of Judas and the codex's other writings: a text titled James (also known as First Apocalypse of James), a Letter of Peter to Philip, and a fragment of a fourth text scholars are provisionally calling the Book of Allogenes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www9.nationalgeographic.com/lostgospel/conservation.html"&gt;See how the team restored the manuscript.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It took a leap of faith, sustained by hope, with no guarantee of success, yet there was a probability of success. … It was worth trying," Kasser said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aided by a computer program, restoration expert Florence Darbre and Coptic scholar Gregor Wurst, were able to painstakingly reconstruct most of the manuscript, fragment by fragment, over a period of five years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"We soon realized that the decision had been a good one," Kasser said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Restored and put under glass, the folios could be gingerly handled, and it was possible to photograph all the pages," he said. "Those pages could be photographed, studied, read, transcribed, and translated."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Incredibly, the team was able to recreate some 90 to 95 percent of the manuscript and produce a nearly complete translation. Some sections may be forever lost, due to holes in the original papyruses, but scholars hope to fill them in as they finish their herculean task—an additional half page recently surfaced in New York City.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet even the meager surviving fragments are enough to portray one of history's most notorious villians in an entirely new light—and spur debate among scholars and theologians around the globe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-2371312666432787557?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/2371312666432787557/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=2371312666432787557' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/2371312666432787557'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/2371312666432787557'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2009/01/gospel-of-judas-pages-endured-long.html' title='Gospel of Judas Pages Endured Long, Strange Journey'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-8986342168513584669</id><published>2008-11-16T14:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-16T14:35:44.065-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Folhas Artificiais</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Artificial leaves, made from semiconductors, might one day help to            remove excess airborne carbon dioxide and maybe even turn it into fuel.            Real leaves, the green ones deployed by plants, perform many valuable            tasks, not the least being the removal of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from air and            its replacement with breathable O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Artificial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;            fixation needs several ingredients: light, a catalyst (such as CdS),            and organic molecules.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new study by a Oak Ridge-Vanderbilt team of            physicists suggests how this process can be made more efficient, a necessary            step if artificial fixation is ever to practical on a large scale. Contrary            to previous ideas, the study shows, fixation does not take place directly            on the catalyst surface. Rather it's a two step process: ionization            of the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; occurs at the surface, creating a highly reactive            radical which can later combine with other CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molecules            or organic molecules in the vicinity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stephen Pennycook (pennycooksj@ornl.gov,            865-574-5504) says that his study looks at the role of catalyst surface            roughness (flat planes of CdSe don't work as photocatalysts, but nanocrystals            of the same material do) and at the possibility that nanocrystal doping            might obviate the need for light, which would allow some fixation to            take place in dark smokestacks. (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Physical Review            Letters&lt;/i&gt;, upcoming.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(ler original &lt;a href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2002/split/597-3.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-8986342168513584669?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/8986342168513584669/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=8986342168513584669' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8986342168513584669'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8986342168513584669'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/11/folhas-artificiais.html' title='Folhas Artificiais'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-6357598904671815360</id><published>2008-11-16T13:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-16T14:29:30.727-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Moscas Como Combustível</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoBot"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;EcoBot&lt;/b&gt; is short for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological" title="Ecological" class="mw-redirect"&gt;Ecological&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot" title="Robot"&gt;Robot&lt;/a&gt; and it refers to a class of energetically autonomous robots that can remain self-sustainable by collecting their energy from (mostly) waste in the environment. The only by-product from this process is &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide"&gt;carbon dioxide&lt;/a&gt;, which would have been produced from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation"&gt;biodegradation&lt;/a&gt; in the first place. This carbon dioxide production belongs to the immediate &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle"&gt;carbon cycle&lt;/a&gt; of our planet and does not impose to the already increasing problem of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect"&gt;greenhouse effect&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;So far &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy"&gt;autonomy&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics"&gt;robotics&lt;/a&gt; has been directly linked with the ability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; of agents to compute and execute tasks, i.e. follow a set of rules given in an algorithm, with minimum human intervention. This is classified as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computational_autonomy&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Computational autonomy (page does not exist)"&gt;computational autonomy&lt;/a&gt;, however it does not necessarily take into account the problem of energy collection and management. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energetic_autonomy&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Energetic autonomy (page does not exist)"&gt;Energetic autonomy&lt;/a&gt;, therefore, refers to the ability of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_agents" title="Artificial agents" class="mw-redirect"&gt;artificial agents&lt;/a&gt; to remain self-sustainable, with minimum human intervention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;EcoBot-I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;EcoBot-I, developed in 2002, by the same group of workers at BRL, UK, utilised sugar as the fuel and ferricyanide in the cathode, to perform &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototaxis" title="Phototaxis"&gt;phototaxis&lt;/a&gt; (i.e. move towards the light) [Ieropoulos et al. 2003a, b; 2004].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The two EcoBots do not employ any other form of conventional power supply and do not require any form of initial charging from an external source. Instead, they are powered directly by the onboard microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This is in contrast with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrobot" title="Gastrobot"&gt;Gastrobot&lt;/a&gt;, which although it was the first example of a practical application that employed MFCs, it used onboard conventional batteries and required initial charging from the mains.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/EcoBot-I.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 297px; height: 179px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/EcoBot-I.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;EcoBot-II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;EcoBot-II, developed in 2004, by Melhuish, Greenman, Ieropoulos and Horsfield at the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Robotics_Laboratory&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol Robotics Laboratory (page does not exist)"&gt;Bristol Robotics Laboratory&lt;/a&gt; (BRL) UK, was the first robot in the world to perform sensing, information processing, communication and actuation &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototaxis" title="Phototaxis"&gt;phototaxis&lt;/a&gt;, by utilising unrefined biomass. In fact, it consumed dead &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flies" title="Flies" class="mw-redirect"&gt;flies&lt;/a&gt;, rotten fruits and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean"&gt;crustacean&lt;/a&gt; shells as the fuel and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen"&gt;oxygen&lt;/a&gt; from free air as the cathode. EcoBot-II operated continuously for 12 days after having been fed with 8 houseflies of the species Musca domestica [Ieropoulos et al. 2005a, b; Melhuish et al. 2006].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;EcoBot-II is the first practical example of a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbot" title="Symbot"&gt;Symbot&lt;/a&gt; (symbiotic robot) that exhibited &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_symbiosis" title="Artificial symbiosis" class="mw-redirect"&gt;artificial symbiosis&lt;/a&gt; – the beneficial integration between the live microbial part and the artificial mechatronic part.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/EcoBotII.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 302px; height: 205px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/EcoBotII.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Para ler outro artigo sobre o assunto, clicar &lt;a href="http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/12/66036?currentPage=1"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-6357598904671815360?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/6357598904671815360/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=6357598904671815360' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6357598904671815360'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6357598904671815360'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/11/moscas-como-combustvel.html' title='Moscas Como Combustível'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5226560383453239925</id><published>2008-11-11T12:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-11T13:40:45.693-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A Culpa Não é da Criança, Semanário Sol 17-10-2008</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/SRnx9Jc3JkI/AAAAAAAAACU/EzRtMjNIKVA/s1600-h/Digitalizar0002.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 265px; height: 448px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/SRnx9Jc3JkI/AAAAAAAAACU/EzRtMjNIKVA/s320/Digitalizar0002.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5267507271997793858" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5226560383453239925?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5226560383453239925/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5226560383453239925' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5226560383453239925'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5226560383453239925'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/11/blog-post.html' title='A Culpa Não é da Criança, Semanário Sol 17-10-2008'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/SRnx9Jc3JkI/AAAAAAAAACU/EzRtMjNIKVA/s72-c/Digitalizar0002.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7113679537209887725</id><published>2008-10-17T10:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-10-17T11:01:01.259-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A domesticação da Sociedade</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/SPjPPaYxT2I/AAAAAAAAACM/ih-HhMVmZN4/s1600-h/jos%C3%A9+gil+domestica%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+sociedade.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 249px; height: 352px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/SPjPPaYxT2I/AAAAAAAAACM/ih-HhMVmZN4/s320/jos%C3%A9+gil+domestica%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+sociedade.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5258180428643258210" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7113679537209887725?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7113679537209887725/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7113679537209887725' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7113679537209887725'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7113679537209887725'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/10/domesticao-da-sociedade.html' title='A domesticação da Sociedade'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/SPjPPaYxT2I/AAAAAAAAACM/ih-HhMVmZN4/s72-c/jos%C3%A9+gil+domestica%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+sociedade.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1940513732551553383</id><published>2008-10-17T10:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-10-17T10:34:45.550-07:00</updated><title type='text'>"Séquesso"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;   &lt;div align="justify"&gt;"A pátria adora conversar sobre professores. A pátria, porém, nunca fala sobre educação. Portugal ainda não arranjou coragem para lidar com este facto: os alunos acabam o secundário sem saber escrever. parece que os professores vão fazer uma "marcha da indignação". Pois muito bem. Eu também vou fazer uma marcha indignada. Vou descer a avenida com a seguinte tarja: "os alunos portugueses conseguem tirar cursos superiores sem saber escrever".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;A coisa mais básica - saber escrever - deixou de ser relevante na escola portuguesa. De quem é a culpa? Dos professores? Certo. Do Ministério? Certo. Mas os principais culpados são os próprios pais. Mais e pais vivem obcecados com o culto decadente da psicologia infantil. Não se pode repreender o "menino" porque isso é excesso de autoridade, diz o psicólogo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Portanto, o petiz pode ser mal-educado para o professor. Não se pode dizer que o "menino" escreve mal porque isso pode afectar a sua auto-estima. Ou seja, o rapaz pode ser burro, desde que seja feliz. O professor não pode marcar trabalhos para casa porque o "menino" deve ter tempo para brincar. genial: o "menino" não passa de um mostrengo mimado que não respeita professores e colegas. Mais: este mostrengo nunca reconhece os seus próprios erros; na sua cabeça, "sexo" será sempre "séquesso". Neste mundo Peter Pan os erros não existem e as coisas até mudam de nome.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O "menino" não escreve mal; o "menino" faz, isso sim, escrita criativa. O "menino" não sabe escrever a palavra "recensão", mas é um Eça em potência.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Caro leitor, se quer culpar alguém pelo estado lastimável da educação, então só tem uma coisa a fazer: olhe-se ao espelho. E já agora, desmarque a próxima consulta do "menino" no psicólogo".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Henrique Mendes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Expresso&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1940513732551553383?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1940513732551553383/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1940513732551553383' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1940513732551553383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1940513732551553383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/10/squesso.html' title='&quot;Séquesso&quot;'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1255152629819143337</id><published>2008-07-07T15:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-07T15:47:54.744-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Violência no namoro</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Clicar &lt;a href="http://dn.sapo.pt/2008/07/07/sociedade/um_cada_quatro_jovens_e_vitima_viole.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler original&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comportamento. Uma série de estudos de uma equipa de psicólogas da Universidade do Minho mostra que a violência nas relações amorosas nos jovens entre os 15 e os 25 anos atinge níveis preocupantes e idênticos aos verificados entre os adultos. Um dos aspectos mais alarmantes é que essa violência é cada vez mais precoce e por vezes aceite como 'natural' pelos próprios, incluindo o sexo forçado Problema atinge  o mesmo nível que entre os adultos Existe "tanta violência" no namoro entre jovens dos 15 aos 25 anos como no casamento: 25% já foram vítimas de violência na relação. Mas o "fenómeno é ainda mais preocupante" nas novas gerações, que começam a agredir-se cada vez mais cedo, no ensino secundário e profissional. Pior, chegam a tolerar a violência sexual, pois, para eles, "relações sexuais forçadas não são o mesmo que violação, nem sequer são crime". O alerta é de Carla Machado, coordenadora de um projecto nacional sobre este fenómeno.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para esta investigadora da Universidade do Minho (UM), em Braga, a violência "não é coisa de adultos que desaparece com a mudança de geração". A resposta encontrou-a no seu estudo sobre "violência física e psicológica em namoro heterossexual" - o mais avançado de sete de uma ampla investigação que está a coordenar com as psicólogas Marlene Matos e Carla Martins sobre "violência nas relações de intimidade" em jovens dos 15 aos 25 anos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em co-autoria com a psicóloga Sónia Caridade, a psicoterapeuta identificou níveis de violência física e psicológica no namoro muito próximos dos encontrados num outro estudo desenvolvido em 2003, no Norte do País, junto de 2900 adultos, mas em contexto conjugal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A percentagem de vítimas chega a ser a mesma: dos agora 4730 jovens dos ensinos secundário, profissional e universitário, e que abandonaram a escolaridade inquiridos em todo o País, 25 % foram vítimas, pelo menos uma vez, de um comportamento abusivo da parte do companheiro ou companheira.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dessas vítimas, 20% sofreram violência emocional (insultos, ameaças, jogo psicológico e coerção) e 14% agressão física. Dos 4730 jovens, 30% admitiram ter agredido o parceiro, sendo 23% agressão física, 18% emocional e 3% física severa. Nesta amostra, 58% são raparigas e 42% são rapazes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas, o mais "alarmante" para esta psicoterapeuta da Unidade de Consulta em Psicologia da Justiça da UM, na área da intervenção individual e em grupo com vítimas de crimes, é haver uma maior prevalência de maus tratos físicos severos na população mais jovem - ainda no secundário. Os rapazes são os que agridem com maior gravidade (sovas, murros e pontapés). Já na pequena violência, não há diferença de género e vale tudo, desde insultos, bofetadas, empurrões, puxões de cabelos e até ameaças.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Em geral, vítimas e agressores não percebem que a violência não é aceitável." Muitos deles "toleram" e chegam a "desculpabilizar" a violência, sobretudo quando ela é menor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Só fez aquilo porque estava descontrolado, perdeu a cabeça" ou "o descontrolo é porque tem medo de a perder. Não é violência". São frases que Carla Machado e Sónia Caridade recolheram junto dos 49 jovens dos grupos de reflexão deste projecto, que foram constituídos depois da aplicação do questionário aos primeiros 4730.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alguns afirmaram que "violência sexual no namoro não existe. Agora, relações sexuais forçadas, já são outra coisa". Ou até: "Se eles namoram, não acho que seja violência sexual." Alguns não vêem mal nos apalpões, toques contra a vontade da vítima e a pressão para ter relações sexuais, que estão longe de serem violação, algo que já consideram errado. O ciúme é tido como prova de amor. De resto, os níveis de violência física e psicológica no namoro são muito parecidos com os identificados nos outros países.|                                   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1255152629819143337?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1255152629819143337/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1255152629819143337' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1255152629819143337'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1255152629819143337'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/07/violncia-no-namoro.html' title='Violência no namoro'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3859184789330839379</id><published>2008-07-07T15:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-07T15:37:56.662-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Violência começa no namoro</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="arial_10_cinzaclaro"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; 14.11.05             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                        &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Clicar &lt;a href="http://dn.sapo.pt/2005/11/14/sociedade/violencia_comeca_namoro.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler original&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Engane-se quem pensa que a violência nas relações íntimas é coisa de casamento, com o homem a subjugar a mulher. As novas gerações provam o contrário e começam a agredir-se mutuamente já na adolescência. Chegam ao ponto de insultar, ameaçar e até esbofetear, o que constitui um alerta de risco para a violência marital. O problema está a ser alvo de estudo a nível nacional e, inclusive, uma psicóloga quer implementar um programa de prevenção nas escolas do País para diminuir estes comportamentos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; "Eles acham que dar uma bofetada é normal", diz a psicóloga Sónia Caridade, da Universidade do Minho (UM), em Braga, co-autora, com Carla Machado, do estudo nacional "Violência nas Relações Amorosas Comportamentos e Atitudes nos Jovens". No namoro, explica, as agressões são mútuas e a vítima interpreta esses actos "erradamente" como sendo de ciúme, minimizando o episódio, e crê que, com o casamento, as coisas vão mudar. "Geralmente, a violência intensifica-se", afirma. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Sónia Caridade constatou alguns destes aspectos, depois de ter inquirido cerca de três mil pessoas, entre os 15 e os 25 anos, abrangendo estudantes do ensino profissional, do secundário, população universitária e, por fim, jovens que abandonaram a escolaridade. Dos 685 indivíduos até à data analisados, na zona do Porto, a rondar os 19 anos, concluiu que os alunos do ensino profissional toleram mais a violência no namoro do que os que se encontram na universidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; A maioria dos inquiridos afirma discordar da violência, mas os dados revelam que 24% deles recorrem ao abuso emocional e 22% chegam mesmo a praticar agressões físicas. Para além disso, 27% admitiram ter sido vítimas de pelo menos um acto abusivo durante o último ano, enquanto 33% confirmaram ter adoptado este tipo de condutas em relação ao parceiro. O abuso é mais tolerado pelo sexo masculino, mas diminui à medida que os estudantes avançam no seu percurso escolar. O que, segundo a psicóloga, se deve à "maior maturação decorrente da idade e aos desafios suscitados pela relação".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Para a psicóloga Susana Lucas, docente no Instituto Piaget, "a imaturidade e a falta de experiência, em conjunto com os esforços de querer assemelhar-se aos adultos para dominar e controlar, podem contribuir para a manifestação de comportamentos violentos para com os outros". Considera, por isso, que "a violência é um fenómeno cultural e é fundamental quebrar o elo geracional do pai que bate na mãe e do filho que vai bater na mulher". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Daí a necessidade de implementar o programa de prevenção, denominado "Dossier Intimidation", nas escolas do 2.º ciclo do Ensino Básico, em 2006. "Espera-se que o sujeito e toda a comunidade envolvente sejam capazes de detectar e/ou evitar situações potencialmente perigosas", explica. Os alunos deverão ser capazes de decidir quando não querem algo, sem que se desencadeiem sentimentos de culpa. Pretende-se identificar factores que caracterizem os adolescentes vítimas e perpetradores de violência, e elaborar um plano de medidas de intervenção comunitária. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Namoros de adultos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;No caso dos namorados em idade adulta, a psicoterapeuta Marlene Matos, da Unidade de Consulta em Psicologia da Justiça e Reinserção Social, da UM, diz que a agressão é semelhante à que ocorre nas relações maritais. "O agressor recorre às mesmas estratégias de vitimação, ou seja, à violência psicológica e às tentativas de controlo social da vida da vítima", explica. Seguem- -se depois as ofensas físicas e os abusos sexuais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Algumas mulheres acabam por sofrer tanto como as que já estão casadas, diferenciando-se apenas pela inexistência do vínculo do matrimónio e de filhos. Mas a ocorrência da violência no namoro deveria representar "um sinal de alarme" para as mulheres. Tanto que, nas suas consultas na UM, algumas vítimas de violência marital recordam ter tido elevada conflituosidade e maus tratos verbais na fase de namoro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Tal como no casamento, explica Marlene Matos, também no namoro "o medo da mulher é um aliado do agressor". O receio de perseguições e retaliações acaba por levá-la a render-se ao domínio do namorado, o que muitas vezes a impede de reagir mais cedo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; No caso de "Maria", as constantes bofetadas e pontapés acabaram por levá-la a procurar apoio, apesar de não ter apresentado queixa na polícia. O namorado, de 21 anos, foi a uma sessão e depois o psicólogo perdeu-lhe o rasto. "Manuel", chamemos-lhe assim, identificou--se como sendo a vítima, acusando-a de o "deixar inseguro, agredir verbalmente e ser injusta" na relação. "Ela retribui o amor que tenho por ela acusando-me de várias coisas. É ingrata porque diz que me vai deixar e descontrolo-me", conta. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Para o "José", licenciado, foi diferente aconselhou a "Vera" a ir à consulta, "porque achava que ela tinha um problema", mas ela abandonou-o porque ele "lhe controlava os movimentos e batia". Para saber o que se passava, José fez-se passar por utente e apresentou-se como o namorado "daquela que tinha problemas". Não negou as agressões físicas à namorada, mas disse "perder o controlo porque ela era muito ciumenta". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Para o psicólogo Rui Abrunhosa, da UM, os agressores podem melhorar a atitude face à mulher. Mas, para isso, esta precisa de de-senvolver "estratégias para ser capaz de perceber quando ele está a pisar o risco".&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3859184789330839379?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3859184789330839379/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3859184789330839379' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3859184789330839379'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3859184789330839379'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/07/violncia-comea-no-namoro.html' title='Violência começa no namoro'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-8061132501520419538</id><published>2008-07-07T15:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-07T15:34:07.529-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Universitários violentos no namoro</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="entryinfo"&gt;&lt;a href="http://jpn.icicom.up.pt/2006/05/26/universitarios_violentos_no_namoro.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a&gt;                                             Publicado: 26.05.2006&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="entrylead"&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Abuso físico entre jovens casais universitários é cada vez mais frequente. Rapazes e raparigas são igualmente vítimas e agressores. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Os estudos publicados sobre a temática "violência no namoro" datam de 2003 e 2004, mas são representativos da realidade actual. Cerca de 16% dos jovens universitários com relações amorosas admitiram ter sido vítimas de um acto abusivo e 22% admitiram ter adoptado esse acto sobre o parceiro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O tipo de violência mais frequente é a chamada "violência menor" (um empurrão, uma bofetada), enquanto que a violência física mais grave é a menos frequente (4%).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Dos inquéritos realizados para estes estudos conclui-se que não há diferenças de géneros, ou seja os rapazes e as raparigas são igualmente vítimas e agressores. Mas enquanto que os rapazes são violentos por causa do ciúme, do amor e das "provocações" femininas, as raparigas são-no por causa do ciúme, do amor e da intimidação dos namorados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;As vítimas normalmente não pedem ajuda às instituições de apoio e só 9% recorre aos tribunais. Quando pedem ajuda, preferem os amigos (67%) e as mães (17%).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Estes dados constam do "Violência no Namoro: Prevalências e Intervenção em Portugal", da autoria de Carla Machado, investigadora do Instituto de Educação e Psicologia da Universidade do Minho (UM). A amostra foi constituída por 500 estudantes da UM, seleccionados aleatoriamente entre os cursos que têm mais representação de mulheres e de homens.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O estudo está agora a ser alargado a nível nacional, em outras universidades públicas, escolas secundárias e escolas profissionais, no âmbito da tese de doutoramento de uma professora da U.M. Apesar de ainda não estar concluído, mostra já uma taxa de 20% de casos de violência entre jovens casais universitários do Porto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Para evitar comportamentos violentos, "precisamos disponibilizar nas escolas (que é onde estão os jovens) informação sobre estas matérias e sobre locais para onde se possam dirigir, porque não há serviços especializados para jovens", disse Carla Machado ao JPN. "Era fundamental falar destes temas e disponibilizar informação sobre esta matéria para estas pessoas poderem pedir ajuda", conclui. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="author"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Ana Sofia Coelho&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-8061132501520419538?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/8061132501520419538/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=8061132501520419538' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8061132501520419538'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8061132501520419538'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/07/universitrios-violentos-no-namoro.html' title='Universitários violentos no namoro'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-6289751109624352678</id><published>2008-07-06T14:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-06T14:13:37.706-07:00</updated><title type='text'>O psicopata entre nós</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="texto"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Link original clicar &lt;a href="http://www.abpbrasil.org.br/clipping/exibClipping/?clipping=2969"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Sociopatas: dissimulados, mentirosos, trapaceiros e sem nenhum sentimento de culpa          Veículo: Zero Hora&lt;br /&gt;Seção: Vida&lt;br /&gt;Data: 16/09/2006&lt;br /&gt;Estado: RS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em maio de 1999, o pescador Paulo Sérgio Guimarães da Silva aterrorizou a polícia ao relatar detalhes sórdidos de como tinha matado quatro casais na praia do Cassino e outras cinco pessoas. Contou, sem esboçar culpa ou pena, que depois de matar, esperava a polícia chegar ao local do crime para ver o que as pessoas iriam comentar. Em uma das ocasiões, chegou a dizer alto, entre policiais e curiosos que se acotovelam para ver o corpo do casal estendido nos molhes da praia: "Vai ver, o assassino está por aqui".&lt;br /&gt;Ao ser examinado pela psiquiatra do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense (IPF) Lisieux Elaine de Borba Telles, após o depoimento prestado à polícia, Paulo Sérgio tinha apenas uma preocupação: queria saber se estava bem na foto publicada nos jornais.&lt;br /&gt;Vaidade, ausência de remorso e juízo moral, desobediência a regras e a longa carreira de delitos e crimes do pescador levaram ao diagnóstico: psicopatia, um transtorno anti-social de personalidade (Tasp) que está presente entre 20% e 70% dos presidiários, segundo o psiquiatra forense Paulo Oscar Teitelbaum.&lt;br /&gt;Esse transtorno de personalidade, porém, não é exclusivo de assassinos. Pelo contrário, sua faceta mais comum circula entre nós. Está nos escritórios, em festas e em famílias como a de dona Maria* (leia o depoimento na página ao lado). Seu filho, Marcos*, não bebe nem fuma e tem uma ficha criminal tão limpa como a de um padre. Em compensação, não pára em emprego, certa vez roubou dinheiro de um tio, foi expulso do quartel após desafiar autoridades e não esboça remorso dos constrangimentos que causa à família. Hoje, aos 28 anos, passa os dias inteiros em casa, jogando videogame. Maria cortou a mesada para frear os gastos. Entrega a ele, no máximo, R$ 10, usados para comprar revistas pornográficas.&lt;br /&gt;Na psiquiatria, Marcos é definido como um psicopata parasitário. Sua conduta não é agressiva como a do assassino da praia do Cassino, mas é igualmente nociva, capaz de destruir famílias e levar empresas à falência. O pior é o prognóstico. A psicopatia, que atinge de 1% a 3% da população, não tem cura.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*Os nomes foram trocados a pedido da entrevistada, para preservar a identidade de sua família&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como eles são&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O psicólogo canadense Robert Hare, da Universidade da Columbia Britânica, criou um check-list de pontuação para psicopatia, conhecida como Escala Hare PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised, em inglês). A tabela foi traduzida e validada em 2000 no Brasil pela psiquiatra forense Hilda Morana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entre os sintomas, Hare listou:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Charme superficial /loquacidade&lt;br /&gt;Superestima&lt;br /&gt;Busca por estimulação e tendência ao tédio&lt;br /&gt;Mentira patológica&lt;br /&gt;Manipulação e chantagem&lt;br /&gt;Ausência de remorso ou culpa&lt;br /&gt;Insensibilidade afetiva e emocional&lt;br /&gt;Indiferença e falta de empatia com os outros&lt;br /&gt;Estilo de vida parasitário&lt;br /&gt;Descontroles comportamentais&lt;br /&gt;Promiscuidade sexual&lt;br /&gt;Problemas graves de comportamento na infância&lt;br /&gt;Ausência de metas realistas a longo prazo&lt;br /&gt;Impulsividade&lt;br /&gt;Irresponsabilidade&lt;br /&gt;Incapacidade de arcar com as conseqüências pelos seus próprios atos&lt;br /&gt;Casamentos ou relacionamentos de curta duração&lt;br /&gt;Delinqüência juvenil&lt;br /&gt;Violação de liberdade condicional&lt;br /&gt;Versatilidade criminal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Seu filho é portador de transtorno anti-social"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Quando eu aventei a possibilidade de o meu filho ser um psicopata, o terapeuta ficou muito bravo comigo. Falava que o problema era devido a uma baixa auto-estima, que meu filho se sentia rejeitado por ter sido adotado. Eu era a bruxa da história”.&lt;br /&gt;Como ele não comparecia mais à escola, resolvemos matriculá-lo em um curso supletivo. Arrumamos um trabalho para ele, mas ele mentia muito, fazia armações, colocando uns contra os outros, e ficou apenas três meses. Se eu disser que tivemos um dia de paz, estarei mentindo.&lt;br /&gt;Ele foi fazer o serviço militar, e a única coisa que conseguiu foi ficar preso, pois não aceitava as regras e ameaçava seus superiores. Nessa época, ele comprou um apartamento. Como conseguiu, não sabemos. Lógico que ficou sem o imóvel por falta de pagamento - eles conseguem coisas como qualquer mortal.&lt;br /&gt;Depois, foi passar um tempo com os tios. Foi nesse momento que passamos por uma das maiores vergonhas de nossas vidas: ele roubou dinheiro do tio. Nunca soubemos o que ele fez com a quantia roubada.&lt;br /&gt;Lendo uma reportagem, eu fiquei conhecendo uma renomada psiquiatra. O que ela falava era o que ocorria com meu filho. Entrei em contato, marcamos uma consulta com ela, que nos deu o diagnóstico: “Seu filho é portador de transtorno anti-social. Ele é um sociopata”.&lt;br /&gt;Eu chorei pela confirmação daquilo que já suspeitava. Ela nos disse que ele não tinha culpa por ter nascido assim nem nós tínhamos culpa de nada. Eu chorei mais ainda, choro até hoje, porque as cobranças dos familiares eram imensas. Cansei de ouvir que não sabíamos educar filhos, que ele era um safado, sem vergonha e outros adjetivos pejorativos.&lt;br /&gt;Isto ainda ocorre. É muito difícil para as pessoas entenderem. Foi duro, mas pelo menos agora sabemos que a culpa não nos cabia.&lt;br /&gt;Ele começou a namorar, e, mesmo eu alertando a menina, ela engravidou. Não restou alternativa a não ser submetê-lo a vasectomia. O casamento (eles se casaram) durou dois anos e alguns meses. Tiveram uma filha linda, mas hoje estão separados.&lt;br /&gt;Ele trabalhou, conseguiu abrir conta em bancos, passou vários cheques sem fundos. Alguns deles, o pai cobriu, depois não deu mais. Até empréstimo em banco ele conseguiu fazer.&lt;br /&gt;Tentar compreender a mente de um psicopata é uma tarefa impossível. Eles parecem ser atormentados, devem ter algum tipo de sofrimento pela sua condição, já que vivem num vazio enorme. Fazem sofrer os que deles se aproximam, mas agem com enorme indiferença diante do sofrimento que causam.&lt;br /&gt;Se servir de consolo, aconselharia a quem está diante de um indivíduo envolvente, que conta altos papos, que adora tudo do bom e do melhor, mas que nunca tem um centavo no bolso, que sempre encontra uma desculpa para tudo de errado que faz - a culpa é sempre dos outros -, que não pára em nenhum serviço, a fugir enquanto é tempo.&lt;br /&gt;Jamais saberemos precisar quando esta bomba irá explodir. O melhor é se manter longe dessas garras nocivas. Enquanto estivermos vivos faremos tudo para que ele não caia na criminalidade. Depois, só Deus."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maria*, mãe de Marcos*, 28 anos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;São como pessoas normais&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os transtornos da personalidade ocorrem por defeito na formação das funções cerebrais que regem o processo da sociabilidade, explica Hilda Morana, psiquiatra perita do Instituto de Medicina e Criminologia do Estado de São Paulo.&lt;br /&gt;- Os sujeitos com defeitos nessas funções vivem para satisfazer suas próprias necessidades - diz Hilda.&lt;br /&gt;Sob o ponto de vista intelectual, os psicopatas são como as pessoas normais: não têm qualquer prejuízo de suas capacidades de discernimento. Sabem que os outros não vão aceitar o que ele faz e lutam para preservar suas mentiras. Por isso, são dissimulados.&lt;br /&gt;- Eles são cínicos, manipuladores, incapazes de manter uma relação e de amar. Eles mentem sem qualquer vergonha, roubam, abusam, trapaceiam, negligenciam suas famílias e parentes e colocam em risco suas vidas e a de outras pessoas - elenca o neurocientista Renato Sabbatini.&lt;br /&gt;O pesquisador canadense Robert Hare, um dos maiores especialistas em psicopatia, os caracteriza como "predadores intra-espécies que usam charme, manipulação, intimidação e violência". É assim que eles conseguem ganhar a confiança de um colega ou de um parente para pedir um empréstimo ou um favor. Se a pessoa oferecer obstáculos, é capaz de cometer crueldades ímpares, alerta a psiquiatra Hilda Morana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O que se sabe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Comportamentos associados às relações sociais são controlados pela parte do cérebro chamado lobo frontal. Lesões ou baixa atividade neural nesta área são a gênese das personalidades antissociais&lt;br /&gt;- O neurologista e autor do O Erro de Descartes, Antonio Damasio, sustenta que pessoas com danos no lobo frontal são incapazes de ativar marcadores somáticos (alterações na freqüência cardíaca e respiração, dilatação das pupilas, sudorese, expressão facial) em resposta à punição&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Difícil tratamento&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A psicopatia começa na infância ou na adolescência e continua na vida adulta. O diagnóstico é possível, porém, só a partir dos 18 anos, porque até essa idade a personalidade ainda está se sedimentando, afirma o psiquiatra Paulo Oscar Teitelbaum. Crianças com comportamento psicopático são aparentemente imunes à punição dos pais e não são afetados pela dor. Os mais violentos mostram uma história de torturas a pequenos animais, vandalismo, mentiras sistemáticas, roubo, agressões a colegas da escola, desafio à autoridade e fugas.&lt;br /&gt;- Eles costumam ser mais precoces ao iniciar a vida sexual e quebrar regras - afirma a psiquiatra Lisieux Elaine de Borba Telles.&lt;br /&gt;A psicopatia não tem cura, e muitos especialistas acreditam que nem tratamento é possível. Terapia pressupõe que o paciente consiga estabelecer vínculos, uma relação de confiança no médico e fale a verdade. Os psicopatas não conseguem fazer nada disso, atesta o diretor do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense, Rogério Göttert Cardoso.&lt;br /&gt;Hilda Morana afirma que é viável tratar alguns aspectos com medicamentos e terapia. Mas alerta: estes tratamentos não transformam a personalidade do sujeito, mas rompem padrões de relação e de conduta. &lt;/span&gt;                    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="texto"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-6289751109624352678?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/6289751109624352678/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=6289751109624352678' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6289751109624352678'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6289751109624352678'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/07/o-psicopata-entre-ns.html' title='O psicopata entre nós'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-508822765656408936</id><published>2008-07-04T13:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-04T13:25:30.783-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Você Conhece Algum Psicopata?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Ler original &lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Epoca/0,6993,EPT731766-1653,00.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adolescentes rebeldes, maridos que não param no emprego, mulheres permanentemente endividadas, jovens que não conseguem concluir nenhum curso. Há 15 anos, o consultório do neurologista carioca Ricardo de Oliveira Souza era a última esperança de famílias às voltas com 'pessoas-problema'. O médico conta que seus diagnósticos iniciais eram depressão, transtorno bipolar ou distúrbio de déficit de atenção. 'Cheguei a dizer a uma mãe que o problema do filho dela era falta de limite', arrepende-se. Infelizmente, o veredicto de muitos desses casos é bem mais complexo e deverá causar polémica - como todas as descobertas relacionadas ao cérebro - a partir do momento em que for apresentado à comunidade científica durante a conferência Neurologia da Violência e da Agressão, de 10 a 12 de junho, no Rio de Janeiro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; color: rgb(153, 51, 0); font-weight: bold; width: 398px; height: 70px;" bg="" border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="1"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="textoVerdanaCinza" bg="" align="center" height="56"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Comportamentos que parecem falhas morais podem ser doença&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Oliveira vai compartilhar com colegas do mundo todo os resultados preliminares de seus estudos sobre o mapeamento das emoções no cérebro, realizado em parceria com o neuro-radiologista Jorge Moll Neto. O trabalho é inédito e foi mostrado a ÉPOCA com exclusividade. Oliveira vai apresentar o conceito de 'psicopata comunitário', aquele indivíduo que pode não ser um serial killer, mas causa estrago por onde passa. 'É gente que nunca foi presa, mas que tem muito em comum com os psicopatas mais perigosos, desde traços de comportamento até o funcionamento de circuitos cerebrais', alerta. Podem estar nessa categoria tipos como o malandro golpista 171, o sujeito que não tem emprego e vive de rolo, aquele que cultiva amizades por interesse e descarta as pessoas depois de obter o que deseja, o sujeito que vive de explorar a tia velhinha, o executivo inescrupuloso que desfalca a firma. Este último, também conhecido como psicopata corporativo ou do colarinho-branco, será o tema da conferência, no Rio, de um dos maiores especialistas do mundo, o canadense Robert Hare.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;É claro que todo o mundo tem seu dia de fúria e um pecado para esconder - uma trapaça no jogo, uma mentira, uma baixaria no trânsito. Estar agressivo e violento é muito diferente de ser agressivo e violento ou, em última análise, um psicopata. A doença se caracteriza pela repetição, desde a infância ou há pelo menos dois anos, de atos anti-sociais que lesam os outros, sem remorso nem culpa. 'O psicopata assassino é frio e calculista, mas o comunitário é afável, agradável, sedutor, carinhoso. A gente consegue reconhecê-lo quando algo dá errado e ele fica agressivo', destaca Oliveira.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-508822765656408936?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/508822765656408936/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=508822765656408936' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/508822765656408936'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/508822765656408936'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/07/voc-conhece-algum-psicopata.html' title='Você Conhece Algum Psicopata?'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-74293712179845357</id><published>2008-06-29T15:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-29T15:31:51.602-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Assassinato da Filosofia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; margin-top: 0.5pt; line-height: 9.6pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" &gt;Maria Luísa Guerra,     Jornal Público, 28/o6/o8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 50%; margin-top: 0.5pt; line-height: 9.6pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  Vai realizar-se no próximo mês de Julho, em Seul, na Coreia, o Congresso Mundial de Filosofia, organizado pelo FISF, organismo que concentra as sociedades dos professores de Filosofia do ensino secundário e do ensino universitário de todo o mundo. Tem a marca da globalização. E um encontro de tradições pedagógicas, de reflexão sobre a natureza e o papel da Filosofia na sociedade. Mostra o interesse dos vários países pelo problema. Mostra o que e evidente: o carácter vivo e actuante da Filosofia. O seu lugar insofismável na formação da mentalidade. Assim acontece no mundo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E em Portugal? Em Portugal assiste-se ao inédito. Pela primeira vez em mais de um século (desde a reforma de Jaime Moniz, em 1895) destruiu-se decisivamente a Filosofia no ensino secundário. Podemos recuar mais atrás, a 1844, e mesmo aos Estudos Menores, criados pelo marquês de Pombal em 1799. Estudos onde figurava a disciplina de Filosofia Racional. Servia de acesso aos Estudos Maiores. Neste quadro de interesse global já referido, lembra-se também que a UNESCO instituiu o dia 15 de Novembro como Dia Mundial da Filosofia, congregando 36 nações.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E em Portugal? Em Portugal desvaloriza-se o exercício do pensamento, o rigor da análise, a descoberta de paradigmas e de valores, a discussão de problemas, a formação do espírito critico, a reflexão sobre a aventura humana, parâmetros específicos da Filosofia e do seu ensino.&lt;br /&gt;Sabe-se que a finalidade do estudo em qualquer disciplina não e o exame. Mas também se sabe que, na prática, se não houver exame, os alunos não se interessam. Não estudam convenientemente. Residual e em vias de extinção a Filosofia no 12° ano. Obrigatória no 10º e 11° anos mas não sujeita a exame nacional. "Para que serve?" pensam os alunos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É uma disciplina decorativa. Sem importância. Morta à nascença. Ainda se rege Filosofia na universidade nalguns cursos, cada vez mais despovoados. Com este vazio no ensino secundário, acabará de vez.&lt;br /&gt;O sucesso escolar não e gratuito. Depende de currículos apropriados, mas depende sobretudo de cabeças bem-feitas, treinadas numa apurada e progressiva ginástica mental, no exercício da abstracção, da comparação, do dissecar analítico. Esse exercício cabe especificamente à Filosofia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No limite, pela depuração que exige e supõe, aproxima-se da Matemática. Não é por acaso que grandes filósofos de referência (de Pitágoras a Descartes, de Leibniz a Russell) foram matemáticos. Tirar aos jovens esta ginástica mental é criar o caos. Multiplica-se no mundo a presença e o interesse pela Filosofia. Em iniciativas globais. De Paris a... Seul. Em Portugal, desvaloriza-se até à morte. Original. Pedagoga.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-74293712179845357?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/74293712179845357/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=74293712179845357' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/74293712179845357'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/74293712179845357'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/06/assassinato-da-filosofia.html' title='Assassinato da Filosofia'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7534900001530547889</id><published>2008-06-23T13:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-23T13:10:03.840-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Carros Movidos a Ar</title><content type='html'>&lt;center&gt;&lt;object width="325" height="244"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JE0YZNC7mGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JE0YZNC7mGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="325" height="244"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7534900001530547889?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7534900001530547889/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7534900001530547889' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7534900001530547889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7534900001530547889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/06/blog-post.html' title='Carros Movidos a Ar'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3161516265187337263</id><published>2008-06-23T13:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-23T13:02:28.070-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Carros Movidos a Água</title><content type='html'>&lt;center&gt;&lt;object width="325" height="244"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/eb9urNUFzAM&amp;amp;hl=en"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/eb9urNUFzAM&amp;amp;hl=en" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="325" height="244"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:void(0)" tabindex="10" onclick="return false;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3161516265187337263?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3161516265187337263/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3161516265187337263' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3161516265187337263'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3161516265187337263'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/06/carros-movidos-gua.html' title='Carros Movidos a Água'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-4671440789542246101</id><published>2008-06-17T23:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-17T23:09:05.209-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Alunos portugueses são os que sofrem mais</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Os jovens portugueses de 15 anos são os que sentem maior pressão com o trabalho escolar num conjunto de 41 países analisados                   num estudo da Organização Mundial de Saúde divulgado esta terça-feira na Escócia, noticia a Lusa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; A análise, desenvolvida pela Rede Europeia «Health Behaviour in School-aged Children», da qual Portugal faz parte, incide em 204.534 adolescentes entre os 11 e os 15 anos de 41 países. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Do total de jovens inquiridos em 2006, 3.919 são portugueses (1.886 rapazes e 2.025 raparigas). Segundo o documento sobre «desigualdades na saúde dos jovens», 73 por cento das raparigas e 61 por cento dos rapazes com 15 anos sentem-se muito pressionados e stressados com o trabalho escolar, percentagens que colocam Portugal no topo da tabela logo seguido da Escócia e da Inglaterra. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Já os jovens austríacos de 15 anos são os que menos stress sentem por causa do trabalho escolar, uma vez que apenas 23 por cento das raparigas e 24 por cento dos rapazes admitiram sofrer desse problema. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Na faixa etária dos 11 e 13 anos, Portugal está muito próximo do topo, mas não ocupa a primeira posição, ocupada pela Turquia. Por outro lado, o estudo revela também que os jovens portugueses de 15 anos são os que mais afirmam ter colegas de escola amigos e prestáveis (82 por cento das raparigas e 83 por cento dos rapazes). (ler original &lt;a href="http://diario.iol.pt/sociedade/iol-escola-estudo-ultimas-noticias-pressao-alunos/963435-4071.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-4671440789542246101?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/4671440789542246101/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=4671440789542246101' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/4671440789542246101'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/4671440789542246101'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/06/alunos-portugueses-so-os-que-sofrem.html' title='Alunos portugueses são os que sofrem mais'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7202801280148432994</id><published>2008-04-20T02:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-20T02:05:35.982-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Como Se Lida Com Bullying Em Espanha</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Condenada por la agresividad de su hijo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;La Audiencia de Sevilla encuentra culpable a una madre por su "laxitud y tolerancia" a la actitud violenta de su vástago&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="firma"&gt;                 &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EFE&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;- Sevilla - &lt;/em&gt;22/03/2008 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;               &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;                              &lt;!-- ***** Contenido noticia ***** --&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;La Audiencia de Sevilla ha condenado a una mujer a pagar 14.000 euros de multa por una agresión de su hijo en el Instituto de Secundaria en el que estudia. El tribunal considera que la "laxitud y tolerancia" de la mujer a la hora de educar al menor han motivado el comportamiento violento del adolescente. La multa pagará el tratamiento para recomponer los dientes de otro menor, compañero de Instituto Castilla de Castilleja de la Cuesta, Sevilla. En el juicio, la mujer intentó desviar la responsabilidad hacia el centro educativo por no hacer "labores suficientes de vigilancia" de los alumnos, pero la sentencia estima que los adolescentes no necesitan una vigilancia tan rígida, sino que "la brutalidad e intensidad" de la agresión evidencian "una falta de inculcación o asimilación de educación y moderación de costumbrse en el agresor para la convivencia en valores".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;La Audiencia confirma así el primer fallo judicial que hablaba de una "incorrecta educación", que los jueces equiparan a aquellas situaciones en las que los progenitores "permiten o no se preocupan de controlar que sus hijos no lleven al centro escolar objetos que puedan resultar en sí mismos peligrosos". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(Ler original &lt;a href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Condenada/agresividad/hijo/elpepusoc/20080322elpepusoc_3/Tes"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7202801280148432994?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7202801280148432994/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7202801280148432994' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7202801280148432994'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7202801280148432994'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/04/como-se-lida-com-bullying-em-espanha.html' title='Como Se Lida Com Bullying Em Espanha'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3028937716001381227</id><published>2008-03-04T13:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-03-04T13:16:10.164-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Crianças Aprendem Ética Imitando os Pais</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; O americano Robert Coles, psicanalista da Harvard Medical School e autor do livro "Inteligência moral das crianças" (Editora Campus), também alerta que a integridade ética do adulto começa a ser construída na família:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;- Os pais são os mestres da ética na formação dos filhos. A criança é uma testemunha atenta da moralidade dos adultos ou de sua ausência. Ela busca sugestões de como se comportar e as encontra quando os pais fazem opções, mostrando, na prática, seus valores e suas opiniões.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Coles amplia, na direção da ética, o conceito de inteligência múltipla de outro professor de Harvard, Howard Gardner, autor de "Molduras da mente". Para Gardner, há disparidades entre carácter e intelecto que, segundo Coles, podem se integrar nos tipos de inteligência moral:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; - As experiências provam que as crianças aprendem em casa a ser solidárias. Esse aprendizado resulta do dia-a-dia e é sinal de inteligência moral. Para o psiquiatra Alfredo Castro Neto, as mentiras, as chantagens emocionais e as distorções de fatos são comportamentos comuns, especialmente entre pais divorciados que, para manterem os filhos como aliados ou até mesmo como súbditos, corrompem a saúde emocional da criança:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; - As crianças que chegam ao meu consultório com fobias, ansiedades e desvios de conduta vivem muitas vezes sob o fogo cruzado de pais separados que falam mal um do outro para a criança, tornando sua vida um desespero, sem referências morais e sem vivências afectivas. Tenho o desenho de um menino de 8 anos que mostra bem essa situação. Ele estava num barco e, à sua volta, pegava fogo em tudo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Ele vivia  no meio de uma guerra dos pais - conta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Há ainda as mães que se apresentam aos filhos como vítimas abandonadas impiedosamente pelos maridos só para manipular as crianças na sua vingança pessoal contra o ex-cônjuge. - Essas mães são daquele tipo que se dizem amicíssimas dos filhos, que não têm segredos para eles e lhes contam tudo de sua vida. E mentem e exageram, para fazer dos filhos aliados e manipulá-los. Isso é honesto? Não, é uma conduta desonesta que corrompe a integridade ética da família - afirma o psiquiatra. (Clicar &lt;a href="https://www.portalsof.planejamento.gov.br/teste/Corrup"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;para ler o resto)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3028937716001381227?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3028937716001381227/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3028937716001381227' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3028937716001381227'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3028937716001381227'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/03/crianas-aprendem-tica-imitando-os-pais.html' title='Crianças Aprendem Ética Imitando os Pais'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3276762046178235420</id><published>2008-02-05T03:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-05T03:43:50.189-08:00</updated><title type='text'>O Que As Mulheres Sabem Sobre os Homens?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Experiência de uma mulher que quis conhecer o Universo masculino e descobre que afinal o mundo parece ser mais fácil para elas do que para eles, contrariamente à formatação social de esteriótipos... Ver vídeo &lt;a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=1527024"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3276762046178235420?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3276762046178235420/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3276762046178235420' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3276762046178235420'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3276762046178235420'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/02/o-que-as-mulheres-sabem-sobre-os-homens.html' title='O Que As Mulheres Sabem Sobre os Homens?'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-8031603474857132686</id><published>2008-02-05T02:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-05T02:59:41.048-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Quanto Custa Ser Bom Pai?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Os estudos valem o que valem e muitas vezes servem como formas de formatação social a soldo de interesses pouco explícitos... Valem a maior parte das vezes por alguma curiosidade de questionável valor científico, o que não quer dizer que tal, obviamente, se aplica ao caso concreto que se segue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Uma equipa de psicólogos de Coimbra fez as contas para saber quanto custa ser «bom pai» e concluiu que nos primeiros 25 anos de vida cada família de classe média-baixa gasta, em média, 236,446 mensais com cada filho, informa a agência Lusa. &lt;/span&gt;(Clicar &lt;a href="http://www.portugaldiario.iol.pt/noticia.php?id=911753&amp;amp;div_id=291"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler artigo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-8031603474857132686?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/8031603474857132686/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=8031603474857132686' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8031603474857132686'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8031603474857132686'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/02/quanto-custa-ser-bom-pai.html' title='Quanto Custa Ser Bom Pai?'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-382376092465386419</id><published>2008-02-05T02:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-05T02:50:38.153-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Conflito É Bom Negócio</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://therightsofman.typepad.co.uk/photos/uncategorized/2007/12/08/picture_2_2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 59px; height: 206px;" src="http://therightsofman.typepad.co.uk/photos/uncategorized/2007/12/08/picture_2_2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Uma cadeia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;inglesa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; de lojas (Superdrug) teve de retirar das suas prateleiras de supermercado um boneco de Boxe, com forma masculina que encorajava, portanto, as mulheres à violência contra os homens com espaço até para se colocar a foto masculina do indivíduo a agredir... Uma organização dos direitos humanos (&lt;a href="http://www.mankind.org.uk/"&gt;Mankind&lt;/a&gt;) protestou afirmando que &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;se&lt;/span&gt; a loja não vende produtos idênticos relativos a mulheres e animais tal significa &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;então&lt;/span&gt; que a violência anti masculina é algo de mais aceitável. A situação teve cobertura mediática e a loja aceitou retirar produto... (Clicar &lt;a href="http://therightsofman.typepad.co.uk/the_rights_of_man/2007/12/superdrug-withd.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler artigo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;A ideia de que a violência, particularmente a doméstica, se exerce exclusivamente no sentido do Homem para a Mulher para além de falso tem vindo a formatar, de modo insidioso, as mentalidade tendo natural repercussão nos textos legislativos... E como a classe política parece estar desatenta, a situação tende a agravar-se paralelamente à nossa desatenção social... Afinal Humanidade há só uma...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-382376092465386419?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/382376092465386419/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=382376092465386419' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/382376092465386419'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/382376092465386419'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/02/conflito-bom-negcio.html' title='Conflito É Bom Negócio'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7084845318551271438</id><published>2008-01-28T13:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-28T14:03:04.894-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Em Quem Confiar? Sim nos Professores... Não Nos Políticos...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;De acordo com a sondagem realizada pela Gallup para o Fórum Económico Mundial (WEF), os professores merecem a confiança de 42 por cento dos portugueses, muito acima dos 24 por cento que confiam nos líderes militares e da polícia, dos 20 por cento que dão a sua confiança aos jornalistas e dos 18 por cento que acreditam nos líderes religiosos. (notícia PÚBLICO ler &lt;a href="http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1317707"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" &gt;Os políticos são os que menos têm a confiança dos portugueses, com apenas sete por cento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: -moz-zoom-in; width: 362px; height: 207px;" alt="A imagem “http://www.revistafatorbrasil.com.br/imagens/fotos/graficos_wef” contém erros e não pode ser exibida." src="http://www.revistafatorbrasil.com.br/imagens/fotos/graficos_wef" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Populações não confiam nos políticos ao mesmo tempo que exprimem preocupação com o futuro (ler artigo complementar sobre o tema &lt;a href="http://www.e-thesis.inf.br/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;do_pdf=1&amp;amp;id=2559"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;). A eliminação da pobreza deveria ser a preocupação número um dos líderes mundiais sendo que a igualdade das mulheres ocupa o último lugar... Ler Documento original  &lt;a href="http://extranet.gallup-international.com/uploads/vop/DAVOS%20release%20final.pdf"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7084845318551271438?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7084845318551271438/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7084845318551271438' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7084845318551271438'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7084845318551271438'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/imagem-httpwwwrevistafatorbrasilcombrim.html' title='Em Quem Confiar? Sim nos Professores... Não Nos Políticos...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-4241452256996522821</id><published>2008-01-28T05:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-28T05:38:13.079-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Curso de Jogador de Futebol, Apostas Sérias na Educação???</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/R53aU_UA9CI/AAAAAAAAABc/Nn-8Eikb-Wg/s1600-h/PC150510.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 112px; height: 149px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/R53aU_UA9CI/AAAAAAAAABc/Nn-8Eikb-Wg/s320/PC150510.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5160520802164077602" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;A aposta na educação/formação é tida como passo importante no caminho do desenvolvimento/progresso... No entanto tal pressupõe a natural seriedade das propostas a considerar...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-4241452256996522821?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/4241452256996522821/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=4241452256996522821' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/4241452256996522821'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/4241452256996522821'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/curso-de-jogador-de-futebol-apostas.html' title='Curso de Jogador de Futebol, Apostas Sérias na Educação???'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FdLXQXq7m2M/R53aU_UA9CI/AAAAAAAAABc/Nn-8Eikb-Wg/s72-c/PC150510.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-797240855435268748</id><published>2008-01-28T01:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-28T01:47:01.204-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Estratégias de Manipulação</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" &gt;Estratégias e técnicas para a manipulação da opinião pública e da sociedade...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Clicar &lt;a href="http://www.syti.net/SilentWeapons.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.syti.net/Manipulations.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler doc'S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-797240855435268748?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/797240855435268748/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=797240855435268748' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/797240855435268748'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/797240855435268748'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/estratgias-de-manipulao.html' title='Estratégias de Manipulação'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5616301710413859798</id><published>2008-01-13T15:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-13T15:19:52.792-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mobbing, o Exercício da Violência Psicológica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Para ler artigo interessante clicar &lt;a href="http://entre-margens.blogspot.com/2008/01/mobbing.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5616301710413859798?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5616301710413859798/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5616301710413859798' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5616301710413859798'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5616301710413859798'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/mobbing-o-exerccio-da-violncia.html' title='Mobbing, o Exercício da Violência Psicológica'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5129576569013394642</id><published>2008-01-07T03:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-07T03:13:13.008-08:00</updated><title type='text'>"O Segredo", Verdadeiro Sucesso Escolar Só Com Trabalho</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;Facilmente se vende a ideia de que o sucesso se alcança sem esforço... O &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"&gt;facilitismo&lt;/span&gt; tresanda por toda a parte e a escola quase que se transforma em &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"&gt;ecoponto&lt;/span&gt; de cultura requentada e previamente digerida ao limite do superficial, para que a confortável menoridade/mediocridade espiritual do senso comum não seja perturbada... Mas depois há estas pequenas histórias que teimam em repor a verdade... Aquela ideia de que a escada do sucesso, por ser árdua, nem todos a percorrerão... Apenas os corajosos que afirmam a sua liberdade quando ousam colocar como objectivo de vida os próprios escolhos que essa mesma vida lhes interpõe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;«&lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"&gt;Lilian&lt;/span&gt; partiu há quatro anos da Moldávia para Portugal sem saber uma única palavra de português. Hoje, é o melhor aluno da turma. Para ler resto do texto clicar &lt;a href="http://scriptorium-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/sucesso-s-com-trabalho.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5129576569013394642?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5129576569013394642/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5129576569013394642' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5129576569013394642'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5129576569013394642'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/o-segredo-sucesso-escolar-s-com.html' title='&quot;O Segredo&quot;, Verdadeiro Sucesso Escolar Só Com Trabalho'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3157361983906150735</id><published>2008-01-06T14:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-06T14:52:38.333-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Morte de Luíz Pacheco</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="manchete_24"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTitulo"  style="font-size:24;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Morreu Luiz Pacheco                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;06.01.2008 - 00h55 Lusa                                       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O escritor e crítico literário Luiz Pacheco, de 82 anos, faleceu sábado à noite, tendo dado entrada já sem vida no Hospital do Montijo, que registou o óbito às 22h17.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Nascido em Lisboa a 7 de Maio de 1925, Luiz José Gomes Machado Guerreiro Pacheco frequentou o primeiro ano do curso de Filologia Românica da Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa, mas acabou por desistir devido a dificuldades financeiras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para ler resto da notícia do Público &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Clicar &lt;a href="http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1315736"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="230" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/QwJXJJ3qc4o&amp;amp;rel=0&amp;amp;color1=0x2b405b&amp;amp;color2=0x6b8ab6&amp;amp;border=1"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/QwJXJJ3qc4o&amp;amp;rel=0&amp;amp;color1=0x2b405b&amp;amp;color2=0x6b8ab6&amp;amp;border=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="230" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtTextos"  style="font-size:11;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3157361983906150735?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3157361983906150735/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3157361983906150735' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3157361983906150735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3157361983906150735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2008/01/morte-de-luz-pacheco.html' title='Morte de Luíz Pacheco'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1571293726041669166</id><published>2007-12-08T05:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-08T05:37:28.363-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Crianças Capazes de Avaliar Socialmente Pessoas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Segundo investigações publicadas na revista Nature, crianças ainda sem competência verbal desenvolvida são capazes de avaliações social (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;possuindo assim inteligência social muito precocemente&lt;/span&gt;)... Clicar &lt;a href="http://scriptorium-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/11/bebs-so-bons-juzes.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; para ler...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1571293726041669166?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1571293726041669166/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1571293726041669166' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1571293726041669166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1571293726041669166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/12/crianas-capazes-de-avaliar-socialmente.html' title='Crianças Capazes de Avaliar Socialmente Pessoas'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5275096875575562315</id><published>2007-12-06T11:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T11:54:54.038-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Novas Políticas da Educação em Portugal</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Caros amigos(as),&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As coisas  têm de mudar, dizem as novas correntes da Educação.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aqui está um exemplo da NOVA ATITUDE que os professores têm de adoptar, a bem dos tempos modernos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avaliação de um exercício nos tempos que correm...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTÃO PROPOSTA:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             6 + 7 = ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A . EXERCÍCIO FEITO PELO ALUNO:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      6 + 7 = 18&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B . ANÁLISE:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A grafia do número seis está absolutamente correcta;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O mesmo se pode concluir quanto ao número sete ;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O sinal operacional + indica-nos, correctamente, que se trata de uma adição;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Quanto ao resultado, verifica-se que o primeiro algarismo (1) está correctamente escrito - corresponde ao primeiro algarismo da soma pedida. O segundo algarismo pode muito bem ser entendido como um três escrito simetricamente - repare-se na simetria, considerando-se um eixo vertical! Assim, o aluno enriqueceu o exercício recorrendo a outros conhecimentos.. A sua intenção era, portanto, boa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C . AVALIAÇÃO:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do conjunto de considerações tecidas nesta análise, podemos concluir que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A atitude do aluno foi positiva: ele tentou!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os procedimentos estão correctamente encadeados : os elementos estão dispostos pela ordem precisa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nos conceitos, só se enganou (?) num dos seis elementos que formam o exercício, o que é perfeitamente negligenciável.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na verdade, o aluno acrescentou uma mais-valia ao exercício ao trazer para a proposta de resolução outros conceitos estudados - as simetrias... - realçando as conexões matemáticas que sempre coexistem em qualquer exercício... Em consequência, podemos atribuir-lhe um...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;..."EXCELENTE"...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;...e afirmar que o aluno...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;..." PROGRIDE ADEQUADAMENTE"!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5275096875575562315?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5275096875575562315/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5275096875575562315' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5275096875575562315'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5275096875575562315'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/12/caros-amigoas-as-coisas-tm-de-mudar.html' title='Novas Políticas da Educação em Portugal'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-2404430437982546276</id><published>2007-11-25T13:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-25T13:50:32.744-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Religião e Sociedades Secretas-Olavo de Carvalho</title><content type='html'>&lt;center&gt;&lt;object width="300" height="245"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/9ZiedAxDuAE&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/9ZiedAxDuAE&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="300" height="245"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-2404430437982546276?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/2404430437982546276/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=2404430437982546276' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/2404430437982546276'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/2404430437982546276'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/11/religio-e-sociedades-secretas-olavo-de.html' title='Religião e Sociedades Secretas-Olavo de Carvalho'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-6811449361394452805</id><published>2007-11-11T02:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-11T02:58:50.129-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sem Título...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Apesar das muitas muitas tentativas feitas não consegui dar título a esta mensagem... Penso naqueles que detêm todas as oportunidades do mundo e vivem desculpando-se/culpando tudo e todos dos reais infortúnios de que &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;não&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; padecem, das facilidades que desdenham, das responsabilidades que enjeitam... Embora de todos nós, é primeiramente deles a responsabilidade do que mostram estas imagens...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apontar culpa à inépcia do poder, embora verdadeiro, é fácil... Difícil, mas imperativo, é sermos verdadeiramente o poder...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;Orphans of Nkandla&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="245" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/UymFEnYaa7k&amp;amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/UymFEnYaa7k&amp;amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="245" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;Toddlers&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="245" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2F7wCzGtsDg&amp;amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2F7wCzGtsDg&amp;amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="245" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;Yellow Dress&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="245" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/rfAOVKjmDfg&amp;amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/rfAOVKjmDfg&amp;amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="245" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-6811449361394452805?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/6811449361394452805/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=6811449361394452805' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6811449361394452805'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6811449361394452805'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/11/blog-post_11.html' title='Sem Título...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7658907453942753339</id><published>2007-11-11T01:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-11T01:33:17.765-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Novos Links de Interesse</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Foram adicionados ao blog Links de acesso a enciclopédias de saúde mental, para além de dicionários on-line.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7658907453942753339?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7658907453942753339/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7658907453942753339' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7658907453942753339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7658907453942753339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/11/novos-links-de-interesse.html' title='Novos Links de Interesse'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5915148460322669940</id><published>2007-11-04T11:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-11T02:53:13.781-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pensar Nos Refugiados</title><content type='html'>&lt;center&gt;&lt;object width="300" height="245"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DVXDOwFXmOg&amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/DVXDOwFXmOg&amp;color1=0xd6d6d6&amp;color2=0xf0f0f0&amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="300" height="245"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5915148460322669940?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5915148460322669940/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5915148460322669940' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5915148460322669940'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5915148460322669940'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/11/blog-post_04.html' title='Pensar Nos Refugiados'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3417888211912226117</id><published>2007-11-04T11:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-04T11:51:24.712-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Preservação do Planeta</title><content type='html'>&lt;center&gt;&lt;object width="300" height="255"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/6aM_rp5JYAM&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/6aM_rp5JYAM&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="300" height="255"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3417888211912226117?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3417888211912226117/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3417888211912226117' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3417888211912226117'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3417888211912226117'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/11/blog-post.html' title='Preservação do Planeta'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1022327672336933954</id><published>2007-10-23T03:54:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-23T03:56:23.204-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Mediação Escolar</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Tutoria e Mediação em Educação:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Novos Desafios à Investigação Educacional&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O próximo colóquio da secção portuguesa da AFIRSE terá lugar na Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, de 21 a 23 de Fevereiro de 2008 e tem como objectivo principal o levantamento de trabalhos teóricos e práticos no domínio da &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"&gt;Tutoria e da Mediação em Educação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Como tem acontecido em colóquios anteriores, está prevista a participação de especialistas portugueses, franceses, espanhóis e brasileiros. Os temas escolhidos para estas jornadas são de grande interesse e actualidade, tanto no âmbito do ensino básico, como do ensino secundário ou do ensino superior. Muitas das actuais formas e práticas de ensino, tanto em Portugal com em Espanha, França ou Brasil têm tido como fundamento experiências e pesquisas levadas a cabo no âmbito destas grandes temáticas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Estamos em crer que este colóquio constituirá uma oportunidade de conhecimento mútuo de investigadores, educadores, professores e outros agentes educativos e proporcionará um aprofundamento destas áreas da investigação e da intervenção em educação. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Oportunamente serão fornecidas informações mais pormenorizadas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Outros esclarecimentos poderão ser obtidos junto de &lt;u&gt;&lt;em&gt;Patrícia Figueiredo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/u&gt;, nos seguintes contactos: &lt;span fn_index="0" info="Call +351963958722;0;+351963958722;1;" onmouseup="SetCallButtonPressed(this, 0,0)" onmousedown="SetCallButtonPressed(this, 1,0)" onmouseover="SetCallButton(this, 1,0);skype_active=CheckCallButton(this);" onmouseout="SetCallButton(this, 0,0);HideSkypeMenu();" context="963958722" rtl="false" class="skype_tb_injection" id="__skype_highlight_id"&gt;&lt;span title="Change country code ..." onclick="javascript:if(1){doRunCMD(event, 'chdial','0');}else{doRunCMD(event, 'call','+351963958722');}event.preventBubble();return false;" onmouseout="SetCallButtonPart(this, 0);" onmouseover="SetCallButtonPart(this, 1);" class="skype_tb_injection_left" id="__skype_highlight_id_left"&gt;&lt;span style="background-image: url(chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/cb_normal_l.gif);" class="skype_tb_injection_left_img" id="__skype_highlight_id_left_adge"&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/cb_transparent_l.gif" style="height: 11px; 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padding: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px;" class="skype_tb_img_space" height="1" width="1" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/space.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px;" class="skype_tb_img_space" height="1" width="1" /&gt;&lt;span title="Call this phone number in Portugal with Skype: +351217943651" onclick="javascript:doRunCMD(event, 'call','+351217943651');event.preventBubble();return false;" onmouseout="SetCallButtonPart(this, 0)" onmouseover="SetCallButtonPart(this, 1)" class="skype_tb_injection_right" id="__skype_highlight_id_right"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_tb_innerText" id="__skype_highlight_id_innerText"&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/space.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px;" class="skype_tb_img_space" height="1" width="1" /&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/space.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px;" class="skype_tb_img_space" height="1" width="1" /&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/space.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px;" class="skype_tb_img_space" height="1" width="1" /&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/space.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px;" class="skype_tb_img_space" height="1" width="1" /&gt;21 794 36 51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-image: url(chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/cb_normal_r.gif);" class="skype_tb_injection_left_img" id="__skype_highlight_id_right_adge"&gt;&lt;img src="chrome://skype_ff_toolbar_win/content/cb_transparent_r.gif" style="height: 11px; width: 19px;" class="skype_tb_img_adge" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a&gt;/afirse2008@fpce.ul.pt&lt;/a&gt;. (Este mail deu erro, tentar: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a&gt;afirse@fpce.ul.pt)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Lisboa, 1 de Agosto de 2007 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Albano Estrela&lt;br /&gt;(Presidente da Comissão Organizadora)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1022327672336933954?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1022327672336933954/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1022327672336933954' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1022327672336933954'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1022327672336933954'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/10/mediao-escolar.html' title='Mediação Escolar'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7837696673311836087</id><published>2007-10-11T12:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-11T12:49:00.242-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Novos Documentos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Foram Adicionados Novos Documentos à Biblioteca do Blog.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7837696673311836087?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7837696673311836087/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7837696673311836087' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7837696673311836087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7837696673311836087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/10/novos-documentos.html' title='Novos Documentos'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-8260070152060221185</id><published>2007-10-07T02:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-07T02:17:17.910-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Bullying- Pojectos de Intervenção</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Segue-se um link para documento muito interessante sobre a experiência brasileira na intervenção do fenómeno do Bullying, publicado num outro Blog deste autor (&lt;a href="http://entre-margens.blogspot.com/2007/10/bullying-projectos-de-interveno-nas.html"&gt;Clique aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-8260070152060221185?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/8260070152060221185/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=8260070152060221185' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8260070152060221185'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/8260070152060221185'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/10/bullying-pojectos-de-interveno.html' title='Bullying- Pojectos de Intervenção'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7137285482878887966</id><published>2007-09-01T02:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-01T03:27:05.535-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sobre a Juventude...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O que a seguir se apresente reencontrei num Blog (&lt;a href="http://charagoesquerdo.wordpress.com/2007/05/03/"&gt;clique aqui para ver&lt;/a&gt;) e fazia parte, por exemplo, de um pequeno exercício de reflexão de um livro de filosofia do 10º ano. Apresentavam-se os textos seguintes, sem indicar época e autores, questionando-se de seguida quando teriam sido escritos... A proximidade/actualidade com o que neles se diz leva o leitor a considerá-los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;contemporâneos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;... Mas não são...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="entry"&gt;      &lt;div class="snap_preview"&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;“O nosso mundo atingiu um estado crítico. As crianças já não dão ouvidos aos seus pais. O fim do mundo não pode estar muito longe.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt; (Sacerdote egípcio, ca. 2000 a.C.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;“Esta juventude está podre no fundo do coração. Os jovens são maus e preguiçosos. Nunca serão como a juventude de outros tempos. Os de hoje não serão capazes de manter a nossa cultura.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Inscrição em cerâmica encontrada nas ruínas de Babilónia, ca. 2000 a.C.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;“Não tenho nenhuma esperança quanto ao futuro do nosso país, se a juventude de hoje tomar o poder amanhã, porque esta juventude é insuportável, sem comedimento, simplesmente terrível.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hesíodo (ca. 720 a.C.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;“A nossa juventude gosta do luxo, é mal-educada, troça da autoridade e não tem nenhum respeito pelos anciãos. As nossas crianças de hoje são tiranas. Não se levantam quando um velho entra numa sala, respondem aos seus pais e são pura e simplesmente maus.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt; (Sócrates; 470-399 a.C.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;“O pai teme os seus filhos. O filho acha-se igual ao seu pai e não tem nem respeito nem temor aos seus pais. O que ele quer é ser livre. O professor tem medo dos seus alunos. Os alunos cobrem o professor de insultos. Os mais novos querem tomar já o lugar dos mais velhos. Os mais velhos, para não parecerem antiquados ou despóticos, consentem nesta demissão. E, para coroar tudo, em nome da liberdade e da igualdade: a libertação dos sexos !”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Platão ; 428-348  a.C.; A República, livro VIII)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Continua a ser um exercício interessante para adultos e jovens...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7137285482878887966?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7137285482878887966/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7137285482878887966' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7137285482878887966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7137285482878887966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/09/sobre-juventude.html' title='Sobre a Juventude...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1162658047626771421</id><published>2007-08-24T12:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-24T12:18:35.099-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Para Reflectir com Alunos...</title><content type='html'>&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="225" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/WhFTFiJf4g4"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/WhFTFiJf4g4" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="225" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1162658047626771421?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1162658047626771421/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1162658047626771421' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1162658047626771421'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1162658047626771421'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/blog-post_24.html' title='Para Reflectir com Alunos...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-7728392552815556501</id><published>2007-08-24T02:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-24T02:50:19.696-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Experiência de Zimbardo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;A experiência de Zimbardo/Stanford e o modo como o contexto altera o comportamento individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="225" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/26WDxEX3Bnk"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/26WDxEX3Bnk" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="225" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-7728392552815556501?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/7728392552815556501/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=7728392552815556501' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7728392552815556501'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/7728392552815556501'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/blog-post.html' title='Experiência de Zimbardo'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-1396799455530142456</id><published>2007-08-22T03:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-22T03:49:32.522-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Do Blog "Educação Côr-de-Rosa"</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify;" class="date-header"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Quarta-feira, Julho 25, 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                      &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a name="6016914325455145926"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;" class="post-title entry-title"&gt;                          &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://educacaocor-de-rosa.blogspot.com/2007/07/afinal-quem-d-os-portteis-ou-porque-no.html"&gt;Afinal quem "dá" os portáteis, ou porque não há ponto sem nó&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;                      &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;                        &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;No DN de hoje, na secção insuspeita de Economia, sob o título &lt;a href="http://dn.sapo.pt/2007/07/25/economia/tmn_da_mil_portateis.html"&gt;"A TMN 'dá' 300 mil portáteis"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; leio:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;A TMN estima que a totalidade de pessoas envolvidas no e-escola seja de cerca de 640 mil pessoas, &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;pretendendo a operadora captar, através da sua campanha, 50% deste número.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Esta é assim uma forma da TMN conquistar novos clientes na banda larga móvel.&lt;/span&gt; "Os 300 mil PC's representam 20% do parque instalado em Portugal. Esta iniciativa vai contribuir muito para o seu aumento e também para a modernização", frisou Zeinal Bava.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Primeiro: leio pela primeira vez esta notícia na sua verdadeira face, não é o governo que vai "dar" os portáteis, são a TMN, a Optimus e a Vodafone. O seu a seu dono.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Segundo: vejo com apreço o Governo a apoiar as empresas privadas nacionais, já que para a TMN, esta é uma maneira de meter ao bolso 50% de um mercado apetecível, de preferência para fidelizar para além dos 12 meses do contrato.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Terceiro: todas estas mascaradas propagandísticas, cujas negociatas vêm ao de cima ao estalar do verniz, me enojam profundamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-1396799455530142456?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/1396799455530142456/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=1396799455530142456' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1396799455530142456'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/1396799455530142456'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/do-blog-educao-cr-de-rosa.html' title='Do Blog &quot;Educação Côr-de-Rosa&quot;'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3250004020275514726</id><published>2007-08-15T07:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-15T08:03:24.095-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Desafie-se a Si Mesmo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;O cérebro produz substâncias químicas chamadas NEUROTRANSMISSORES que carreiam mensa­gens entre as células responsáveis pela memória. A disponibilidade de tais neurotransmissores, in­clu­indo a substância química construtora da memória, a ACETILCOLINA, parece aumentar nos cé­rebros que estão frequentemente acostumados a enfrentar problemas e a resolver desafios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estudos impor­tantes conduzidos no final dos anos 60 pela Dra. Marian Diamond na Universidade da Califór­nia em Berkeley, demonstraram que ratos colocados em ambientes enriquecidos desenvolveram uma rede mais complexa de dendrites do que ratos não desafiados. Talvez isso ocorra porque pes­soas com QIs altos têm, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;frequentemente, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;um desempenho melhor nos testes de memória: Eles tem mais “ligações de memó­ria”, ou circuitos neurais disponíveis, demonstrando o efeito bola de neve da memória e o papel de ambi­entes enriquecidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3250004020275514726?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3250004020275514726/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3250004020275514726' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3250004020275514726'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3250004020275514726'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/desafie-se-si-mesmo.html' title='Desafie-se a Si Mesmo'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-388356509470679822</id><published>2007-08-15T07:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-15T07:29:00.881-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ouça Música Clássica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Na Universidade da Califórnia, o Dr. Frances Rauscher e o Dr. Gordon Shaw, demonstraram em experiências conduzidos no início dos anos 90, que pessoas expostas à música clássica, especialmente Mozart, demonstravam um significante reforço nas habilidades de raciocínio espaço-temporal. Essa descoberta, rapidamente apelidada de “Efeito Mozart” tem despertado um grande interesse. Alguns eruditos, incluindo Don Campbell, autor do livro O Efeito Mozart, acredita que ouvir músicas clássicas pode também ajudar a memória e a aprendizagem; no entanto, esta premissa ainda não foi comprovada empiricamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-388356509470679822?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/388356509470679822/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=388356509470679822' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/388356509470679822'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/388356509470679822'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/oua-msica-clssica.html' title='Ouça Música Clássica'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-3921482084072090185</id><published>2007-08-14T16:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-14T16:15:18.713-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Jornalismo a Fingir</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Esta magnífica peça fez-me lembrar três coisas: 1) O maior prazer de um indivíduo inteligente é fazer-se de estúpido perante um estúpido que se faz de inteligente; 2) Como disse Einstein, se não erro, a inteligência mede-se mais pelas perguntas que fazemos do que pelas respostas que construimos; 3) Entrevistado conhece o Princípio da Indução...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;object height="225" width="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/CB6A7W3QfM4"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/CB6A7W3QfM4" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="225" width="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-3921482084072090185?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/3921482084072090185/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=3921482084072090185' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3921482084072090185'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/3921482084072090185'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/jornalismo-fingir.html' title='Jornalismo a Fingir'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-381033919900336674</id><published>2007-08-13T16:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-13T16:08:52.644-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Centenário do Nascimento de Torga</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Miguel_Torga_100anos.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 112px; height: 154px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Miguel_Torga_100anos.png" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Adolfo Correia Rocha, &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Miguel Torga&lt;/span&gt;, nascido em São Martinho de Anta - Vila Real, 12 de Agosto de 1907 , faleceu em Coimbra, 17 de Janeiro de 1995... Portugal... País ingrato onde os seus Homens de verdadeiro génio morrem tantas vezes de fome... Mas onde estalamos provincianamente de barriga cheia da sua genialidade...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;“Temos de conhecer a nossa terra. Mas conhecê-la por dentro, sem preconceitos de nenhuma ordem. Amá-la, sim, mas objectivar-lhe tanto quanto possível os defeitos e as virtudes, para que o nosso afecto seja fecundo e progressivo.”. Até porque “a realidade telúrica dum país, descoberta pelos métodos dum almocreve, é muito mais instrutiva do que trinta calhamaços de história, botânica ou economia.”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Miguel Torga&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-381033919900336674?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/381033919900336674/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=381033919900336674' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/381033919900336674'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/381033919900336674'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/centenrio-do-nascimento-de-torga.html' title='Centenário do Nascimento de Torga'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-5682507505671299551</id><published>2007-08-09T18:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-09T19:05:29.221-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Como se Constroi o Pensamento Crítico</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Receita Para Enganar Alguém&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.intelliwise.com.br/paper10.pdf"&gt;clicar aqui para ver artigo na íntegra&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;"Se não me falha a memória, foi o jornalista Joelmir Beting que, ironicamente, mostrou como a Estatística pode ser enganadora. Dizia ele que "...se eu como um frango e você come nenhum, ambos comemos, em média, meio frango cada um". &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Estatística é uma matéria que pode ser facilmente usada para provocar distorções impressionantes&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma das regras mais tradicionais dos Estatísticos (sérios!) é uma frase para a qual recomendo especial atenção. Desconhecê-la (ou desobedecê-la) costuma provocar inúmeros problemas. Eis o que diz essa regra: "&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Correlação não implica em causalidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;". Em outras palavras, se um evento sempre sucede outro (ou se varia em conjunto com outro) isto não significa que esse evento seja necessariamente a causa do outro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um clássico exemplo é a correlação das vendas de sorvete com o número de assaltos. Quando se vende mais picolés, também aumentam os crimes. Outra correlação fortíssima relaciona o consumo de pão com manteiga com o ato de praticar crimes violentos (98% dos bandidos encarcerados por cometerem crimes violentos são ávidos consumidores de pão com manteiga). Ora, mas isso não quer dizer que tomar o café da manhã com essa iguaria seja a causa de comportamento violento (eu seria, por força dessa regra, um grande marginal).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É natural que esses exemplos todos façam você sorrir, afinal eles são realmente ridículos (embora cumpram seu papel didático). A coisa começa a se complicar quando o que se infere a partir de correlações não é tão ridículo assim.&lt;br /&gt;Em novembro de 2001 um grupo de psicólogos da University College de Londres public..."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-5682507505671299551?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/5682507505671299551/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=5682507505671299551' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5682507505671299551'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/5682507505671299551'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/como-se-constroi-o-pensamento-crtico.html' title='Como se Constroi o Pensamento Crítico'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-6375381673769622293</id><published>2007-08-09T18:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-09T18:34:55.767-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Aprender para quê, quando a escola é tão chata?...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Entrevista a Ruben Alves (&lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Epoca/0,6993,EPT879723-1666-1,00.html"&gt;Clique aqui para ler na íntegra&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Não é de hoje que a escola é chata&lt;/span&gt;. Ela sempre foi assim e isso acontece porque as coisas são impostas às crianças. A prova de que uma criança gosta de ir à escola é se, na hora do recreio, ela está conversando com os amigos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; sobre as coisas que a professora ensinou. E não se vê isso. Então fica evidente que &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;elas gostam da escola por causa da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; sociabilidade&lt;/span&gt;, dos amiguinhos, por causa do recreio. Mas elas não estão interessadas naquilo que se ensina na escola. (...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Existe certa presunção da nossa parte, da parte dos adultos, de que &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;as crianças não sabem nada&lt;/span&gt;, de que elas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; são vazias. E de que nós é que temos o saber. Também achamos que só nós podemos determinar o que elas têm de aprender.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Isso é o que Paulo Freire denominou de educação bancária. Você vai sempre fazendo depósitos na criança.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Houve um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; director de um abrigo para crianças e adolescentes em Varsóvia chamado Janusz Korczak. No abrigo dele, eram os alunos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; que exerciam a disciplina. E Korczak costumava dizer: ''Vocês, professores,  dizem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;-me&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; que é muito difícil ensinar as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; crianças. Estou de acordo. E vocês dizem também que é muito difícil descer às crianças. Estou em desacordo. &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;O que é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; muito difícil é subir ao nível de sensibilidade e de curiosidade das crianças&lt;/span&gt;, ficar na ponta dos pés, falar brandamente para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; não machucá-las''. É por isso que a escola não muda. Porque as pessoas não estão preparadas para subir ao nível das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; crianças.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-6375381673769622293?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/6375381673769622293/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=6375381673769622293' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6375381673769622293'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/6375381673769622293'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/aprender-para-qu-quando-escola-to-chata.html' title='Aprender para quê, quando a escola é tão chata?...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-224157379127091791</id><published>2007-08-09T17:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-09T17:51:10.735-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Aprender a Aprender</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Como desenvolver a capacidade de aprender&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Entrevista Vicente Martins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. Que factores são prioritários para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de aprender?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Vicente Martins - São três os factores que influem no desenvolvimento da capacidade de aprender:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Primeiramente&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;a atitude de querer aprender&lt;/span&gt;. É preciso que a escola desenvolva, no aluno, o aprendizado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; dos verbos querer e aprender, de modo a motivar para conjugá-los assim: eu quero aprender. Tal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; comportamento exigirá do aluno, de modo imediato, uma série de atitudes como interesse, motivação,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; atenção, compreensão, participação e expectativa de aprender a conhecer, a fazer, a conviver e a ser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; pessoa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;segundo factor&lt;/span&gt; diz respeito às competências e habilidades, no que poderíamos chamar, simplesmente,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; de desenvolvimento de aptidões cognitivas e procedimentais. Quem aprende a ser competente, desenvolve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; um interesse especial de aprender. No entanto, só desenvolvemos a capacidade de aprender &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;quando&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; aprendemos a pensar&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Só pensamos bem quando aprendemos métodos e técnicas de estudo&lt;/span&gt;. É este&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; factor que garante, pois, a capacidade de auto-aprendizagem do aluno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O t&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;erceiro factor&lt;/span&gt; refere-se à aprendizagem de conhecimentos ou conteúdos. Para tanto, a construção de um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; currículo escolar, com disciplinas actualizadas e bem planificadas, é fundamental para que o aluno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; desenvolva sua compreensão do ambiente natural e sociais, do sistema político, da tecnologia, das artes e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; dos valores em que se fundamenta a sociedade, conforme o que determina o artigo 32 da LDB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; (...) (&lt;a href="http://www.box.net/index.php?rm=box_v2_download_shared_file&amp;amp;file_id=f_83529125"&gt;Clique aqui para ler o resto&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-224157379127091791?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/224157379127091791/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=224157379127091791' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/224157379127091791'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/224157379127091791'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/08/como-desenvolver-capacidade-de-aprender.html' title='Aprender a Aprender'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7385328743567583108.post-97920938963446355</id><published>2007-07-29T12:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-31T05:32:11.349-07:00</updated><title type='text'>No Desafiante Reino dos "Porquê?"...</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Perdemo-nos, não poucas vezes, em tentativa de inventar o que existe já... Para o nascimento deste humilde espaço virtual o texto que se segue &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.catho.com.br/jcs/inputer_view.phtml?id=7046"&gt;Clique aqui para ver original&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; cumpre, com eloquência bastante, a solenidade do momento...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Numa de suas últimas aparições públicas, já com idade muito avançada, Albert Einstein foi questionado por um repórter: "Sr. Einstein, se o senhor tivesse a oportunidade de fazer uma única pergunta a Deus, qual seria?".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Einstein respondeu: "Filho, quando eu era jovem, na faixa dos 30 e poucos anos, a minha pergunta a Deus seria &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Como&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;surgiu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;o universo ?...  Hoje, com mais de 60 anos de idade, a minha pergunta a Deus seria &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Porquê&lt;/span&gt; o surgir do universo?."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Porquê?&lt;/span&gt;": uma palavra, uma simples pergunta... A mais poderosa, sábia, apaixonante, importante pergunta do mundo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os paradigmas são quebrados quando nós não temos paradigmas no nosso coração. Quando muito antes de assumir que as coisas devem ser feitas de determinada maneira, nós nos &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;preocupamos em compreender se estas coisas realmente devem ser feitas&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Como  funcionam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; as coisas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;?", "Como as coisas devem ser feitas?", "Como vamos chegar a um determinado resultado?", "Como vamos lucrar?", "Como vamos crescer?", "Como vamos estudar?", "Como vamos vender determinado produto?", "Como vamos atender determinado cliente?" - &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;são todas perguntas técnicas, feitas por pessoas técnicas e comprometidas apenas com aquilo que fazem&lt;/span&gt;, e não com o impacto daquilo que fazem na empresa em que trabalham e na sociedade em que vivem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Porque queremos que as coisas funcionem assim?", "Porque é que as coisas devem ser feitas dessa maneira?", "Porque é que queremos chegar a determinado resultado?", "Porque queremos lucrar dessa maneira?", "Porque queremos crescer para esse lugar?", "Porque devemos estudar essa matéria?", "Porque queremos vender determinado produto?", "Porque devemos atender determinado cliente?" - são todas perguntas ao mesmo tempo emotivas e racionais, feitas por seres humanos apaixonados que, muito antes de quererem ver apenas as coisas funcionando, dão um passo atrás e mostram-se preocupados em &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;entender&lt;/span&gt; o impacto que suas decisões, atitudes e comportamentos terão sobre toda a empresa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perguntar o porquê das coisas muda tudo. Enquanto nos preocupamos em responder apenas à pergunta "Como atender um cliente", deixamos de pensar "Por que devemos atender esse cliente e não aquele cliente".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ser um ser humano que questiona o porquê das coisas não é fácil. &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Não é para qualquer um&lt;/span&gt;... &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Mas pode ser&lt;/span&gt;... &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Tem que ser&lt;/span&gt;... Enquanto crescemos, e entramos na ciranda alucinada da vida por melhores salários, posições e bens materiais, nós deixamos de lado a mais importante das perguntas e, por consequência, &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;deixamos passar oportunidades que se escondem por trás daquilo que vemos no dia-a-dia&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É muito simples identificar entre milhões de pessoas o ser humano corajoso, comprometido, motivado, inovador, profissional e responsável; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;basta prestar atenção na qualidade das suas perguntas&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A melhor das perguntas: "Porque é que as coisas devem ser como são?"... "Porquê?"...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7385328743567583108-97920938963446355?l=academia-virtual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/feeds/97920938963446355/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7385328743567583108&amp;postID=97920938963446355' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/97920938963446355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7385328743567583108/posts/default/97920938963446355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://academia-virtual.blogspot.com/2007/07/no-reino-humano-dos-porqus.html' title='No Desafiante Reino dos &quot;Porquê?&quot;...'/><author><name>Armando</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06962992947750904012</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
